多楔带磨削机单片机控制系统设计

机械设计制造及其自动化论文，论文编号:JX1183  论文字数:19843.页数:45

 摘  要
 
 本文主要介绍了用单片机控制来实现单根式多楔带磨削机控制系统的设计。根据多楔带磨削机的控制要求，对模块及执行机构进行选型。在分析和比较几种方案的基础上给出了该设计方案的具体实施。最后对在软件调试过程中所遇到的问题及解决方法进行了说明。此次设计在不降低精度的前提下，使磨削机的成本得以下降，为向国内中小企业做进一步推广打下基础。
 该种单片机控制系统多楔带磨削机的控制系统软件设计过程。这种单片机控制系统多楔带磨削机应当具有以下主要特点：（1）磨削精度高，通过设置不同的磨削量，多次磨削；（2）磨带过程采用全自动控制；（3）良好的人机界面可使用户根据不同的需求来设置磨削量。根据上述的功能要求，本文作者在查阅了许多相关文献资料和分析比较了国内外现有的多楔带磨削机的优缺点基础上，确定了控制系统的设计方案并进行了软件设计。该磨削机控制系统以W77E58单片机为控制核心，三菱触摸屏为人机界面，软件设计采用汇编语言进行编程。
 本论文共有五章。第一章绪论，主要介绍了该种单片机控制系统多楔带磨削机的国内外现状并分析了对该种设备需求的发展趋势，明确了本次毕业设计内容的工程应用背景。
 第二章主要对磨削机的系统功能要求进行了详细的分析，其中包括读取、磨削、复位等。此外，第二章还对多楔带磨削机的整机及硬件结构如控制面板、磨轮部分等进行了介绍，并分析了它们对多楔带磨削过程可能产生的影响。
 第三章介绍了该磨削机的控制系统硬件组成，包括以单片机为核心的主控板部分、触摸屏及电动机等，并通过系统的硬件组成框图说明了它们之间的联系。
 接下来的第四章是本论文的重点。该章对该多楔带磨削机控制系统的软件进行设计，包括控制程序的主函数、主要的子函数及通信函数等的设计。主要的子函数有：磨削函数、复位函数等。通信函数是单片机与触摸屏间的通信函数。子程序的设计主要是函数的功能、流程及结构设计，包括介绍函数名、功能、调用函数、全局变量、出入口、注意等。单片机与触摸屏接口函数的设计是采用RS232串口通信，通过设定协议实现两者间的数据交换。
 第五章是软件的调试过程中碰到的问题及相对应的解决方法，同时说明设计及调试的关键部分内容详细。程序调试是软件设计中一个非常关键的步骤，对编程的经验及处理问题能力的提高很有好处。本文作者在所编程序进行软件和硬件调试，对调试过程中遇到的主要问题都进行了记录，在分析并不断尝试各种方法的基础上寻求最终的解决办法。该论文对这一过程中遇到的几个重要的难点和关键问题部分进行了较详细的记录和重点分析。
 最后一章是结束语，总结本次毕业设计课题的完成情况及主要的收获。
 
关键词：多楔带  磨削  控制系统  单片机控制器
 
Abstract
 This paper introduces radical Ribbed single grinding machine control system design with single-chip control. The selections of the modules and implementing agencies are in accordance with the control requirements of Ribbed belt grinding machine. Based on the analysis and comparison of several options, concrete implementation are given to the design options. Finally, the problems in the process of software debugging and the solutions are described. The design does not reduce the accuracy of the premise, and the cost of grinding machine can be dropped, in order to lay a foundation to the promotion of medium and small domestic enterprises.     This paper mainly introduces the process of the software control system design of single-chip multi wedge belt grinding machine. This single chip multi wedge belt grinding machine control system should have the following main features: (1) grinding and high precision, by setting the different volume of grinding, and grinding time and time again; (2) the process of grinding with automatic control; (3) it’s good man-machine interface allows users to set the grinding volumes according different needs.
 According to the functional requirements, the author of this paper determine the control system design and software design by looking up in a lot of relevant literature and comparatively analysising the advantages and disadvantages of multi-wedge belt grinding machine existing home and abroad now. W77E58 single-chip control is the core the grinding machine control system, and Mitsubishi touch screen is the man-machine interface,and the software design use modular structure and programm by compilation language.
 This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the  Introduction, principal introduced the status quo of the single-chip multi-wedge belt grinding machine control system at home and abroad and an analysis of the types of equipment, the development trend of demand, defining the content of the background of engineering applications of this graduation project.     The main contents of the second chapter is detailed analysis of the grinding machine system requirements, including reading, back to zero, grinding and so on. In addition, the chapter also presentats the multi-wedge belt grinding machine such as machine and its hardware structure such as the control panel, wheel follower of tension, the pressing wheel and some part of the Tension driving wheel, and analysises of the possible impact of the process of grinding.     The third chapter introduces the hardware components of the control system of grinding machine, including single-chip microcomputer as the core part of the control panel, touch screen, and motors, and illustrates their linkage by block diagram of hardware .    The four chapte is the focus of this paper. The chapter designs software of the multi-wedge belt grinding machine control system, including the design of main function and the major Subroutine of the control procedures, and communication function. Major Functions are: Back to zero function, the same direction grinding function, anti-wear function, and reset function. Communication function is communication function between the touch screen and single-chip. The main function of Subroutine design is the features, process and structural design, including the function name, function, call function, global variables, and import and export, and attentions. The designe of interface between Single-chip and the touch-screen is using RS232 serial communications, by setting the protocol for data exchange between them.     The five chapte introduces problems encountered in the process during debugging software and the corresponding solutions.Software debugging is a very important and critical step of software design,and it does good at promoting the programming experience and capacity to deal with the problems. The author of this article programmed in sole software and liked hardware and software, even have recorded the main problems encountered during the process of debugging, after the analysis and continue to try various methods to find the ultimate solution. The thesis focused the analysis and records details of several major difficulties encountered in this process.     The final chapter is the concluding remarks, summarize on the subject of this graduation project and the main harvests.
 
Keyword：multi-wedge   grinding  controller system   Single-chip controller  
 
目  录
 摘  要 i
 Abstract iii
 目  录 v
 第1章  绪论 1
 1.1 引言 1
 1.2 国内外的现状及发展趋势 1
 1.3 本课题主要研究内容 2
 1.4本章小结 3
 第2章  控制系统方案和组成 4
 2.1多楔带单根磨削机的组成及其工作原理 4
 2.1.1多楔带磨削机控制系统的功能和要求 4
 2.1.2多楔带单根磨削机的组成和工作原理 5
 2.2 控制系统的方案选择 6
 2.2.1利用可编程控制器（PLC）来控制单根式多楔带磨削机 6
 2.2.2利用单片机来控制单根式多楔带磨削机 6
 2.3系统分析和方案设计 7
 2.3.1系统功能分析 7
 2.3.2系统总体方案设计 8
 2.4本章小结 8
 第3章  控制系统硬件组成部分 9
 3.1  系统基本配置 9
 3.1.1 主控板 9
 3.1.2 步进电动机 10
 3.1.3 触摸屏 11
 3.2  操作面板界面设计 11
 3.3  本章小结 12
 第4章  控制系统软件设计 13
 4.1  主程序结构 13
 4.2  主要的子程序功能及其流程图 14
 4.2.1 初始化程序 15
 4.2.2 中断服务程序 16
 4.2.3磨削程序 19
 4.2.4 磨轮位移 20
 4.3  单片机与触摸屏通信程序设计 20
 4.3.1 通信协议 20
 4.3.2 通信程序设计 23
 4.4  本章小结 27
 第5章  关键功能模块及调试 28
 5.1  磨轮到达零点位置 28
 5.2 磨削进给量分配问题 29
 5.3浮点程序 30
 5.4按键调试 32
 5.5电机调试中出现的一个问题 32
 5.6  本章小结 37
 参考文献 38
 致  谢 39