轿车自动挡变速器设计

论文编号:JX1511  论文字数:30383.页数:116

 轿车自动变速器设计
 摘  要
 
 AT即自动变速箱是由液力变扭器、行星齿轮和液压操纵系统组成，通过液力传递和齿轮组合的方式来达到变速变矩。其中液力变扭器是AT最重要的部件，它由泵轮、涡轮和导轮等构件组成，兼有传递扭矩和离合的作用。自动变速器具有操作容易、驾驶舒适、能减少驾驶者疲劳的优点，已成为现代轿车配置的一种方向。
 目前国内自动变速箱比较受欢迎，尽管AT自动变速器使用的液力变矩器会提高车辆10%左右的油耗。和当今节能环保的发展趋势相背，但作为自动变速箱中技术最成熟的一款变速箱，AT在未来一定时间内，AT自动变速箱仍有广阔的发展趋势，市场占有率将进一步提高。
 本文概述了无级变速器的发展历史、分类、特点以及自动变速器的基本结构、传动简图、工作原理以及优缺点。根据设计要求，进行了传动方案的设计、传动比设计和整车动力性计算。对照传动方案进行液力变矩器设计，行星排设计，离合器、主减速器、行星排齿轮机构的几何参数设计和计算。对变速器各个重要机构的参数设计进行了校核，包括三个离合器、两个制动器、行星排、减速器、差速器等。根据各个轴的设计简图，对轴和轴承完成了强度计算和寿命计算。
 
关键词：汽车 自动变速器 设计

 Automatic Transmission Project for Vehicle
 
 ABSTRACT
 
 AT （automatic transmission） is composed of hydraulic torque converter, planetary gears and hydraulic control system components, through the hydraulic transmission and gear combinations through the fluid way to achieve the speed changing and  torque changing. Hydraulic torque converter is one of the most important parts of AT, which consists of the pump wheel, turbines wheel and components guide. Besides,it can also transfer the torque and clutch. Automatic transmission has the advantages of easy operation, driving, reduce driver’s fatigue,it  has become a direction of modern car’s configuration.
 At present ,automatic transmission is popular in china, although AT automatic transmission with hydroulic torque converter will increase fuel consumption by about 10% of vehicles. And it is contrary to the current development trend of energy saving, but AT is the most mature technology as the automatic transmission in the field of transmissions.In the future, AT (automatic transmission) is still have a broad development trends and will have further enhancing of market share .
 This article outlines the historical development ,classification, characteristics and basic structure, transmission diagram, working principle and the advantages and disadvantages . According to the requirements for the design of transmission, I complete the transmitting program , the gear ratio design and vehicle dynamic calculations. With the help of transmitting program.I design the Transmission torque converter, planetary line design, clutch, final drive, planetary gear mechanism’s exclusive design and calculation of geometric parameters. Every major sector of the transmission parameters of the design was checked, including the three clutches, two brake, planetary line, reducer, differential and so on. According to the design crafting of each shaft, I complete the strength calculation and lifetime calculations of the shaft and bearings.
 
Keywords: automobile  automatic transmission  project

  目  录
 
  摘要 Ⅱ
 ABSTRACT  III
 1前言 3
  1.1变速技术发展简介 3
 1.1.1 MT手动变速器 3
 1.1.2 AT自动变速器 4
 1.1.3 DCT双离合变速器 5
 1.1.4 CVT机械式无级变速器 6
 1.2自动变速器的特点综述 8
 1.2.1 经济性 8
 1.2.2 动力性 8
 1.2.3 排放 8
 1.2.4 通过性平顺性 8
 1.2.5 安全性 9
 1.2.6 使用寿命 9
 1.3自动变速器的分类 9
 1.4 自动变速器 9
 1.4.1自动变速器的总体结构 9
 1.4.2自动变速器部分结构及工作原理 10
 1.4.3 自动变速器的机械变速机构 16
 1.5自动变速器在国内外的发展情况 17
 2方案论证 21
 2.1液力自动变速器的主要结构 21
 2.2传动简图 21
 2.3工作原理 22
 3 传动比的确定和整车动力性计算 26
 3.1传动方案最大、最小传动比的确定 26
 3.1.1最小传动比的确定 26
 3.1.2最大传动比的确定 26
 3.2主减速器传动比的确定 27
 3.3自动变速器液力变矩器传动比的确定 28
 3.4液力变矩器的选择 28
 3.5行星车轮机构传动比的选择和设计 32
 3.6 整车动力性计算 33
 4变速器主要参数的选择和设计 36
 4.1 离合器基本参数的确定和计算 36
 4.1.1前进离合器基本参数的确定与设计 36
 4.1.2制动器基本参数的确定与设计 38
 4.2 液力变矩器变速机构基本参数的确定与设计 39
 4.2.1液力变矩器有效直径的确定 40
 4.3 行星排的确定与设计 41
 4.3.1行星排基本参数的确定与设计 41
 4.3.2校核齿面接触疲劳强度 45
 4.3.3校核齿根弯曲疲劳极限 46
 4.4 主减速器基本参数的确定与设计 47
 4.5 普通锥齿轮差速器齿轮设计 52
 4.5.1差速器齿轮基本参数的确定与设计 52
 4.5.2差速器齿轮强度计算 54
 5轴和轴承 54
 5.1液力变矩器输入轴、输出轴和变速箱轴 54
 5.2减速器轴 56
 5.3轴承 57 
 总结 61
 附录1 63
 附录2 85
 参考文献 100
 谢辞 101