超声波测距仪的设计

论文编号:JD886 ，有开题报告。 论文字数:12624,页数:35

  摘  要

随着科技的发展，人们生活水平的提高，城市发展建设加快，城市给排水系统也有较大发展，其状况不断改善。但是，由于历史原因合成时间住的许多不可预见因素，城市给排水系统，特别是排水系统往往落后于城市建设。因此，经常出现开挖已经建设好的建筑设施来改造排水系统的现象。城市污水给人们带来了困扰，因此箱涵的排污疏通对大城市给排水系统污水处理，人们生活舒适显得非常重要。而设计研制箱涵排水疏通移动机器人的自动控制系统，保证机器人在箱涵中自由排污疏通，是箱涵排污疏通机器人的设计研制的核心部分。控制系统核心部分就是超声波测距仪的研制。因此，设计好的超声波测距仪就显得非常重要了。
本设计采用以AT89C51单片机为核心的低成本、高精度、微型化数字显示超声波测距仪的硬件电路和软件设计方法。整个电路采用模块化设计，由主程序、预置子程序、发射子程序、接收子程序、显示子程序等模块组成。各探头的信号经单片机综合分析处理，实现超声波测距仪的各种功能。在此基础上设计了系统的总体方案，最后通过硬件和软件实现了各个功能模块。相关部分附有硬件电路图、程序流程图。
经实验证明，这套系统软硬件设计合理、抗干扰能力强、实时性良好，经过系统扩展和升级，可以有效地解决汽车倒车、建筑施工工地以及一些工业现场的位置监控。

关键词：AT89c51; 超声波；测距

Abstract

With the development of science and technology, the improvement of people''s standard of living, speeding up the development and construction of the city. urban drainage system have greatly developed their situation is constantly improving. However, due to historical reasons many unpredictable factors in the synthesis of her time, the city drainage system. In particular drainage system often lags behind urban construction. Therefore, there are often good building excavation has been building facilities to upgrade the drainage system phenomenon. It brought to the city sewage, and it is clear to the city sewage and drainage culvert in the sewage treatment system. comfort is very important to people''s lives. Mobile robots designed to clear the drainage culvert and the automatic control system Free sewage culvert clear guarantee robot, the robot is designed to clear the culvert sewage to the core. Control System is the core component of the development of ultrasonic range finder. Therefore, it is very important to design a good ultrasonic range finder.  
At the core of the design using AT89C51 low-cost, high accuracy, Micro figures show that the ultrasonic range finder hardware and software design methods. Modular design of the whole circuit from the main program, pre subroutine fired subroutine receive subroutine. display subroutine modules form. SCM comprehensive analysis of the probe signal processing, and the ultrasonic range finder function. On the basis of the overall system design, hardware and software by the end of each module.
The research has led to the discovery that the software and hardware designing is justified, the anti-disturbance competence is powerful and the real-time capability is satisfactory and by extension and upgrade, this system can resolve the problem of the car availably, building construction the position of the workplace and some industries spot supervision.

Key words:AT89S52; Silent Wave；Measure Distance
目  录

摘  要  I
Abstract  II
绪论  1
I.1   课题设计的目的及其意义  1
I.2   超声波测距仪的设计思路  1
I.3   课题设计的任务和要求  2
1  课题的方案设计与论证  3
1.1   系统整体方案的设计  3
1.2   系统整体方案的论证  3
2  系统的硬件结构设计  4
2.1   单片机的功能特点及测距原理  4
2.2   超声波发射电路  6
2.3   超声波检测接收电路  7
2.4   超声波测距系统的硬件电路设计  7
3  系统软件的设计  9
3.1   超声波测距仪的算法设计  9
3.2   主程序流程图  10
3.3   超声波发生子程序与超声波接受中断程序  11
3.4   系统的软硬件的调试  12
总  结  13
致  谢  15
参考文献  16
附  录  一 超声波测距电路原理图  18
附  录  二 超声波测距电路版图  19
附  录  三 程序清单  20