电子指南针设计

论文编号:JD232  附原理图,硬件设计,仿真,程序,文献,答辩稿,字数:7151,页数:22

摘  要
早期的指南针采用了磁化指针和方位盘的组合方式，整个指南针从便携性、指示灵敏度上都有一定不足。本系统采用专用的磁场传感器结合高速微控制器（MCU）的电子指南针能有效解决这些问题。
系统采用了磁阻（GMR）传感器采集某一方向磁场强度后通过MCU控制器对其进行处理并显示上传，通过对电子指南针硬件电路和软件程序的分析，阐述了电子指南针基本的工作原理及实现。实际测试指南针模块精度达到1°，能够在LCD上显示当前方位并能通过键盘控制上传指南针处理得到的数据到上位机。

关键词：电子指南针；GMR；MCU；LCD

Abstract
Since the early use of a magnetic compass and direction-pointer of the composition, the entire compass from scratch, on the instructions of a certain sensitivity of the defect. Using a dedicated high-speed magnetic sensors with microcontroller (MCU) electronic compass can effectively solve these problems.
The system is designed by the reluctance (GMR) sensors collecting a certain direction through the magnetic field strength after the MCU Controller its judgement will be dealt with the results, through the LCD screen display and can be sent to the MCU''s top serial Machine. The actual test compass module can reach 1 °, in the LCD display on the current position of the keyboard and through selective compass upload the data processing.

Key words: Electronic compass; GMR; MCU; LCD

目  录

1 引言.........................................................................1
1.1 课题背景.................................................................. 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 ............................................................1
1.3 本课题研究的意义 ..........................................................1
2 系统框图及原理...............................................................1
3 磁场信号采集和处理 ..........................................................2
3.1 磁阻传感器 ................................................................3
3.2 磁场测量ASIC ..............................................................3
4 系统硬件.....................................................................5
4.1 系统控制器 ................................................................5
4.1.1 控制器内部结构 ..........................................................5
4.1.2 控制器存储结构...........................................................5
4.1.3 控制器具体电路 ..........................................................6
4.2 系统扩展电路...............................................................8
4.2.1 通信电路.................................................................8
4.2.2 指南针模块接口电路.......................................................9
4.2.3 实时时钟电路.............................................................9
4.2.4 液晶显示电路............................................................10
4.2.5 系统输入电路 ...........................................................11
5 系统软件 .................................................................. 13
5.1 主监控程序................................................................13
5.2 实时时钟驱动 .............................................................14
5.3 人机界面驱动 .............................................................14
5.3.1 液晶模块驱动 ...........................................................14
5.3.2 键盘驱动 ...............................................................14
5.4 指南针模块驱动 ...........................................................15
结    论.....................................................................16
参考文献 ....................................................................16
致    谢 ....................................................................17