火灾自动监控报警系统设计

论文编号:JD1013  论文字数:24112,页数:52

摘 要
 本设计是以单片机AT89C51为主控制器，通过CAN总线组建的通信网络进行数据传送的火灾自动监控报警系统。
 现场总线接口卡由CAN总线控制器SJA1000，总线驱动器PCA82C250组成，系统上位机通信主要由CAN-RS232通信接口组成。RS232适配卡由转换芯片MAX232搭建，MAX232是AXIM公司生产的CONTENT GOES HERE (simpl一种双组驱动/接收器芯片，采用此芯片接口的串行通信系统只需单一的+5V电源即可。
 信号采集控制节点部分主要有温度传感器DS18B20和离子式烟雾探测器实现系统的数据采集，节点控制器选择ATM公司生产的单片机AT89C51。节点控制器可以通过单线驱动温度传感器和烟雾传感器，形成复合式信号采集控制系统。
 基于CAN总线的火灾自动监控报警系统，设计的关键在于CAN总线与现场节点控制器适配卡的软、硬件设计；上位机（PC机）和下位机（节点控制器）间CAN-RS232通信适配卡设计；信号采集控制节点设计。
 通过实际运行表明，该系统具有容量大、通信距离远、数据传输速度快、组网方便等优点。基于现场总线的火灾自动监控报警系统有着广泛的市场应用前景，是火灾探测报警技术的发展方向。
 
 关键词：CAN总线；烟雾传感器；温度传感器；AT89C51
 
 
Abstract
 This design uses the monolithic integrated circuit AT89C51 as the primary controller, sets up the correspondence network through the CAN-BUS to carry on the data transfer the fire automatic monitoring alarm system.
 The fieldbus connection card is composed of CAN-BUS controller SJA1000 and the bus driver PCA82C250. The up-PC communication of the system is mainly composed of CAN-RS232 communicate connection. The RS-232 adaptation card is built by the transformation chip MAX232, MAX232 is a double drivers/receivers chip made by AXIM enterprise, the serial communication system which uses this chip only needs a +5V power.
 The system signal collecting node part mainly uses temperature sensor DS18B20 and ionic smog detector to realize the data collecting of the system, the node controller takes the monolithic integrated circuit AT89C51 made by ATM enterprise.   The node controller may form the compound expression signal collecting system, using the single track drove temperature sensor and the smog sensor.
 Taking the CAN —BUS as the foundation automatic control system, the key problem of the system are the software and hardware designs of the Fieldbus and field node controller adaptation card; the design of CAN-RS232 communication adaptation card between up-PC (PC) and down-PC (node controller);the design of the signal collecting control node.
 Through the actual running, it indicates that this system has a large capacity; far communicate distance, quick data transmission, and convenient forming net. The system based on the fieldbus has a widespread market application prospect; it is the development direction of the fire automatic monitoring alarm technology.

 Key words：CAN-BUS；Smoke sensor；Temperatures；AT89C51    

                                                                   
目 录
 第1章 绪 论 1
1.1概述 1
1.2火灾报警技术及现场总线技术的发展 1
 第2章 方案论证 3
2.1 CAN总线的特点 3
2.2系统总体方案设计 4
 2.2.1系统总体硬件结构设计 4
 2.2.2系统总体软件结构设计 6
 第3章 系统硬件电路的设计 7
3.1火灾探测器的设计 7
 3.1.1温度探测器 7
 3.1.2离子感烟式火灾探测器 9
 3.1.3气体探测器 11
3.2 AT89C51单片机的设计 11
3.3 复位及看门狗电路 15
3.4时钟电路的设计 17
3.5单片机存储器的扩展 18
3.6电源电路的的设计 21
3.7报警电路 23
3.8现场总线接口电路的设计 24
 3.8.1CAN总线 24
 3.8.2 CAN收发器82C250简介 25
 3.8.3 SJA1000的功能介绍 26
 3.8.4 SJA1000引脚和特性 27
 3.8.5 SJA1000的增强模式 29
 3.8.6验收滤波器的原理 31
3.9 CAN总线接口硬件设计 32
3.10 RS-232C串行接口总线设计 34
3.11硬件抗干扰措施 37
 第4章 系统软件电路的设计 38
4.1主程序流程图 38
4.2控制器主程序流程图 39
4.3温度传感器子程序流程图 39
4.4 CAN总线接口程序流程图 41
4.4系统软件抗干扰措施 43
 第5章 结 论 44
 参考文献 45
 致 谢 46
 附 录Ⅰ 外文及原文 47
 附 录Ⅱ 原理图 57
 附 录Ⅲ 程序 59