基于多单片机的数据测控硬件系统的设计

论文编号:JD751  论文字数:24548,页数:47

  摘要
随着计算机技术、通信技术、控制技术、大规模集成电路技术、显示技术、软件技术以及其他高新技术的应用和发展，集散控制系统也得到了飞速的发展，并成为工业生产过程自动控制装置的主流。
本文是在满足小型工业控制需求的基础上设计制作的一种具有集散控制技术特点的小型计算机多路测控系统。
本文主要介绍了一个多路信号测控系统的硬件结构。系统硬件结构的特点是：主控单元由双CPU和双口RAM构成，其中一个单片机负责数据处理，一个单片机负责系统通信。多个带CPU的I/O处理单元与主控制单元之间利用RS-485总线进行互联，完成现场数据的输出输入控制。另外，本文还简要介绍了系统的软件组成。系统软件包括人机界面和现场控制程序两个部分，并主要应用中断方式实现各个CPU的联动控制。此系统能够实现工业现场多路实时数据的采集、集中显示以及过程控制环节的信号输出等功能，特别适合在一些小型的工业生产场合使用。

关键词：双CPU、双口RAM、RS-485、小型集散控制系统

ABSTRACT
Along with the computer technology, the communication technology, the control technology, the large scale integrated circuit technology, the display technology, the software technique as well as other high technology and new technology''s application and the development, the distribution control system also obtaines the rapid development, and becomes the mainstream of the industrial production process automatic control device.
This paper has designed a small multi-computer monitoring system with the characteristics of the distribution control technology .The design is based on the needs of small-scale industrial control.
This article mainly introduces the hardware architecture of a multiplex signals tracking system. The design feature of the system hardware is: main control unit is made up of two high speed singlechips and dual port RAM, one singlechip take charge of data processing, one singlechip take charge of communication. I/O units having CPU is connected to the main control unit with RS-485 bus, to complete the I/O data control .In addition, the paper also briefly introduces the system software. The system software consists of two parts, one is man-machine interface, one is on-site control program, and mainly use interrupt mode to realize linkage control of every CPU .This system can achieve the industrial scene of multiple real-time data collection, the centralism demonstration and the signal output of the process control part , and so on, especially qualify in some small industrial production situation .

Key words: dual CPU、dual port RAM 、RS-485 BUS、a multiplex signals tracking system

目 录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1集散控制系统（DCS）概述 1
1.2  Protel 99 SE基础 5
第二章 系统的硬件结构 8
2.1 系统整体结构 8
2.2 现场控制器的硬件结构 8
第三章 主控卡的硬件结构及各部分功能简介 12
3.1  N80C196KB16单片机的功能特点 12
3.2  AT89S52 的功能及特点 15
3.3  双口RAM 17
3.4 串行通讯接口 19
3.5  D/A转换器 24
3.6  A/D转换器接口 29
第四章 Protel硬件设计 32
4.1  Protel 99 SE的组成 32
4.2  PCB板的设计 33
总 结 41
谢 辞 42
参考文献 43