煤矿供电系统的保护设计——硬件电路的设计

论文编号:JD560 附任务书,实习报告,原理图,论文字数:22455,页数:50

摘  要
本文在对煤矿井下变电所高压供电现状及国内外相关产品概况分析的基础上，研制了一套井下变电所高压供电计算机实时监控系统。为实现计算机的远距离监控，分站与智能采集器的通信部分采用RS485信号，RS485数据通信转换芯片选用75LBC184。单片机89C52用以控制波特率的选择，增强了通信接口的通用性。智能采集器独立于原综合保护装置，由单片机控制，增加电压传感器、电流传感器、温度传感器、数据处理软件等，实时采集高压配电开关所带负载的电压、电流、环境温度、真空开关的开合状态等参数，同时执行地面计算机发来的合闸、分闸、复位等控制操作。为了缩短地面计算机依次巡测所有智能采集器的时间，设计了双单片机结构的变电所分站，变电所分站在计算机和智能采集器之间，用一片双口RAM进行数据暂存和缓冲，可以实现双向通信，在整个系统结构中起着承上启下的作用，从而提高系统的整体性能，此外，分站还能脱离主机独立工作。论文在进行上述硬件设计的同时，还设计了一套计算机多功能软件，主要包括串行通信程序和数据库。计算机与多台变电所分站之间使用多机通信。通过这些控制措施，真正实现了井下变电所的无人值守。

关键词：监控；分站变电所；智能采集器；传感器；无人值守

ABSTRACT
This paper gives a design on high voltage power supply monitor for substation in coal mine on the base of analysis about existing condition and related production in domestic and foreign. A communication interface is designed in order to implement distance monitor with the help of computer. Cent the station and intelligence collect a machine of correspondence part adoption RS485 signal. The design selects a chip with optoelectronic isolated RS485 signal named 75LBC184. By this means, the communication distance is increased. The intelligent collector is isolated from original synthetical protection device. It is controlled by singlechip together with voltage sensor, current sensor, temperature sensor and data-processing software to collect voltage, current, temperature, state of switch. At the same time, it performs control operation such as close switch, open switch, reset. In order to cut down checking period,a tributary station structure with double singlechips is designed. It is connected between computer and intelligent collector. It can implement both-way communication by a double-port RAM chip. In accordance, the system'' s whole performance got increase. Also tributary station which structures with a connecting link between the preceding and the following can work independently without host computer. Unattended substation becomes true by these measures.
Keywords:monitor, communication interface, tributary station, intelligent collector, unattended

目  录
摘要 I
Abstract II

1 绪论 1
1.1课题的来源及意义 1
1.2国内外概况 1
1.2.1国内概况 1
1.2.2国外概况 2
1.3本课题研究内容 2
2 系统总体法案的选择与设计 4
2.1方案选择 4
2.1.1系统结构选择 4
2.1.2通信方式选择 5
2.2系统总体结构 6
2.3系统工作原理 6
3 变电所分站设计 8
3.1方案选择 8
3.2变电所分站硬件设计 8
3.3分站工作原理 11
4 智能采集器设计 13
4.1方案选 13
4.2智能采集器的硬件结构设计 13
4.2.1单片机的选型AT89C52 15
4.3传感器选型 14
4.3.1传感器的选型原则 18
4.3.2电压传感器、电流传感器 18
4.3.3温度传感器 18
4.3.4 DS18B20与单片机的典型接口设计 20
4.3.5 DS18B20应用难点分析 21
4.4 A/D转换器 22
4.4.1 A/D转换器的选择 22
4.4.2 TLC2543的主要特性 22
4.5调整电路 23
4.6开关量输入电路 24
4.7控制输出电路 24
4.8 485通信电路 26
4.9自动复位电路以及辅助电路 27
4.9.1液晶显示器 27
4.10设计难点分析 28
5 系统调试 30
5.1系统调试 30
结论 31
致谢 32
参考文献 33
翻译 34