软胶囊的单片机温度控制（硬件设计）

论文编号:JD567 附开题报告,原理图,论文字数:20959,页数:40

摘 要
    其课题研究的是以八位的单片机89c52为核心的控制系统，用来控制软胶囊的生产温度。温范围为0-1000C，精度达±0.50。以89c52单片机为核心控制部件,对被控对象的温度实时控制。详细介绍了该系统的软件实施手段并简要叙述了系统硬件特点。该系统利用89c52单片机实现温度自动检测和自动调节的一种智能装置。该装置主要特点在于:温度设置由硬件实现,由按键开关读入,不需要掉电保护;温度的自动控制采用PID,对开关量进行控制。在日常使用的电加热系统中，负载输出方式主要有：调压式（变导式）周期过零式（占空比控制）。但调压式控制功率因数低，对电网产生高次谐谐波污染，占空比控制方式使局部电路瞬间电流过大造成供电设备的加速老化，为克服以上缺点，采用周波过零式（变周期式）控制。变周期控制关键是将控制量转化成导通的周波数，周波数的获得是利用控制量与导通波数成正比例的关系，运用两种不同的算法取得的。再通过周波过零脉冲信号送入，单片机AT89C52产生外部中断完成辨相，计数，认项，驱动输出控制。最后对系统采用的抗干扰措施做了简单介绍。设计表明,该温度控制器的硬件设计简单,成本低,功耗小,体积小,控温效果较好,具有一定的实用价值。

关键词：   单片机 温度控制 PID控制 AT89C52 变周期控制

Title：  The temperature control of the soft capsule                                                  

Abstract：
This lesson a control for investigatively regarding eight single a machine 89 c52s as core system, use to the production temperature that control the soft capsule.The scope of  is 0-100 Cs, the accuracy reach the ± 0.50.With the solid hour in a temperature for single a machine for core controling parts, to drive controling object control.It was detailed to introduced the software of that system puts  into practice the means combines the synopsis described the system hardware characteristics.That system makes use of an a kind of intelligence for the single a machine realizes temperature automatic examination with regulating automatically equips.Should equip the main characteristics consist in: the temperature establishes to be realized by hardware, being read into by key switch, doing not need electricity protection; temperature of automatic control adoption PID, folio pass measure proceeding control.In the electricity of the usual usage heat system, load the exportation method to have primarily:Adjust the press type( change the lead type) period over the type of zero.( occupy the empty ratio control)But adjust the press type control power factor low, produce a pollution to the charged barbed wire net, occupy the empty ratio control way make partial electric circuit moment electric current over big make the acceleration of the power supply equipments aging, for overcoming the above weakness, adoption the cycle controls over the type of zero( change the period type).Changing the period control key is to measures the control to conversion lead the cycle of the count, the winning that cycle number is a relation to make use of control measures with lead the number in direct proportion, making use of two kinds of different calculate ways the acquisition of.Pass again the cycle to send into over the pulse signal of zero, the single a machine AT89C52 creation exterior breaks off to complete the mutually, count, recognize item, drive the exportation control.Finally to the system the anti- interference measure that adopt did the simple introduction.The design expresses, the hardware of the temperature''s controller design simple, the cost is low, the consumes small, the physical volume is small, controling the result of better, have the certainly practical value.

Keywords ：
Single-chip microcomputer   Temperature control    PID complex control mode optimal regulation     AT89C52            Change periodicity control 
目   录
1绪论………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1  设计背景………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.2  设计任务………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.3 软胶囊生产温度控制系……………………………………………… 2
1.4  硬件设计基本思路……………………………………………………………  2
2  总体设计方案……………………………………………………………………… 4
2.1  设计方案的确定………………………………………………………………… 4
2.2  数据采集系统……………………………………………………………………4
2.3  控制算法的确定………………………………………………………………… 5
2.4  加热过程描述……………………………………………………………………6
3  硬件电路的确定…………………………………………………………………… 8
3.1  放大器的选择……………………………………………………………………8
3.2  A/D转换器与单片机接口 ……………………………………………………11
3.3  AT89C52的应用 ………………………………………………………………15
3.4  显示电路及接口………………………………………………………………18
3.5  按键及其接口…………………………………………………………………22
3.6  过零触发电路…………………………………………………………………25
4  硬件抗干扰………………………………………………………………………27
5  重要芯片介绍 …………………………………………………………………… 28
结论     ………………………………………………………………………………37
致谢 ………………………………………………………………………………… 38
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………39

附图A 硬件电路图……………………………………………………… 40