小型风光互补路灯控制器设计

论文编号:JD570 附原理图,论文字数:23372,页数:48

 摘 要
可再生能源的综合利用对我国社会经济的可持续发展和环境保护起着重要的作用。太阳能和风能是可再生能源中利用比较广泛的两种。太阳能和风能在资源条件和技术应用上都有很好的互补特性。由于风能和太阳能的随机性、间歇性，为满足稳定、持续的给路灯供电的需要，一般需加入蓄电池储能环节。小型风光互补路灯控制器可研究的内容很多，此文主要有以下特点:
(1) 报告了风光互补发电技术中风能、太阳能的利用现状；
（2）介绍了蓄电池的充放电原理；
(3)以AT89C51单片机为控制芯片，通过系统软件控制蓄电池充放电；
（4）以AT89C51单片机为控制芯片，通过系统软件控制路灯运行。
由于小型风光互补路灯控制器的结构复杂，影响运行控制的因素很多，此文只着重考虑了在整个风光互补系统的经济性、可靠性的基础上进行蓄电池充放电控制系统和路灯控制系统的研究，为小型风光互补路灯控制器运行控制的深入研究和控制系统的不断完善提供了参考。

关键词  路灯控制器 蓄电池充放电控制 风光互补 可再生能源
Title   Mini-type Road Lamp Controller with Hybrid Wind and Solar Power Supply System

Abstract
The compound utilization of renewable energy resources is an effective way both to the sustainable development strategy practice and environmental protection in our country. Solar and wind energy are two kinds of widely used renewable resources which are of mutual complementary characteristics both in resources condition and technical application. Generally, it is necessary to add energy-saving steps such as battery for the random and intermittence feature of the wind and solar energy to meet the requirement of stable and continuous power consumption in daily life and production. There are many things to be studied in the system. The paper is of following characteristics:
 (1) Report the development of the application of wind and solar on hybrid wind/solar generation system ;
 (2) Introduce the theory of battery charging and discharging ;
(3) Realize the control to battery charging and discharging through the system software by using AT89C51 single chip computer as control chip;
 (4) Carry on the research on lamp controller through the system software by using AT89C51 single chip computer as control chip;
However, there are lots of other factors affect the control effect for the complicated structure of the wind/solar hybrid generation controller, thinking about these factors, the paper emphasis only on the research of battery charging and discharging control system and the lamp control system on the basis of the economy and reliability .The paper makes some valuable suggestion which can help to perfect the control system in the further research.

Key Words :  lamp controller ; control of battery charging and discharging ;  wind/solar hybrid generation ; renewable resource

目   录
1  绪论 …………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1我国太阳能、风能发电的发展趋势 ………………………………………………2
1.2 本课题的目的和任务………………………………………………………………3
2  风光互补发电系统中风、光工作原理 ……………………………………………4
2.1 风力发电系统工作原理……………………………………………………………4
2.2 光伏发电原理………………………………………………………………………5
3  风光互补发电系统中蓄电池工作原理 ……………………………………………6
3.1 铅蓄电池电化学特性………………………………………………………………6
3.2 蓄电池的工作特性…………………………………………………………………7
3.3 蓄电池工作温度影响………………………………………………………………7
3.4 铅蓄电池工作状态…………………………………………………………………8
3.5 蓄电池充电控制策略………………………………………………………………9
3.6 蓄电池参数检测电路………………………………………………………………9
4  控制器硬件部分及外围电路设计 …………………………………………………10
4.1 AT89C51系列单片机简介 …………………………………………………………12
4.2 复位电路……………………………………………………………………………15
4.3 芯片擦除……………………………………………………………………………16
4.4 AT89C51的扩展电路 ………………………………………………………………17
4.5 按键及其接口设计…………………………………………………………………22
4.6 显示电路的设计与介绍……………………………………………………………24
 4.7 A/D转换器及外围电路 ……………………………………………………………26
5 控制系统软件设计部分………………………………………………………………28
5.1 主程序流程…………………………………………………………………………28
5.2 蓄电池充电控制流程………………………………………………………………28
5.3 路灯定时控制………………………………………………………………………34
5.4 显示及键盘子程序设计……………………………………………………………35
6 系统的硬件抗干扰设计………………………………………………………………36
6.1 抗干扰概述…………………………………………………………………………36
6.2 防干扰措施…………………………………………………………………………37
结论………………………………………………………………………………………38
致谢………………………………………………………………………………………39
参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………40
附录A 硬件原理图………………………………………………………………………41
附录B 程序清单…………………………………………………………………………42