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论文编号:GM178 包括:开题报告及任务书,论文字数:11986,页数:18
摘 要
转基因产品作为一种高科技的农业生物技术产品一直备受争议:有人将其喻为天使，有人将其贬为恶魔。而事实上，转基因生物技术的确是一把双刃剑:一方面，转基因技术可以提高世界农作物产量、提高质量、减少化学肥料和杀虫剂的使用、解决发展中国家的粮食缺乏、饥饿和营养不良的问题，另外，基因技术的飞速发展在很大程度上也促进了医药、化工等相关行业的发展;另一方面，它也为整个人类带来了前所未有的威胁，人们无法得知基因序列的改变会在体内引起何种潜在的变化，无法确定转基因产品是否会对下一代产生任何未知的伤害，无法预测转基因产品对现存基因会产生何种影响。目前，由于转基因作物对环境以及食品安全等方面的影响尚无定论，因此，对于大多数国家的消费者和决策者来说，必须慎重考虑，有时甚至出现严重抵制的情况，正如欧盟与美国的转基因产品的贸易争端。本文通过分析其争端以及各自的贸易政策来为中国这样一个存在着粮食短缺潜在威胁的发展中国家，在寻找适合国情的转基因产品的政策上发表一点自己的见解。
【关键词】转基因产品 国际贸易 贸易政策
Abstract
As an output of latest agricultural bio-technologies, genetically-modified products have been controversial. Some people compare them to the angel, some people reduce them to the devil. Actually, the development of genetically-modified products is a double-edged sword: On the one hand, it contributes to the enhancement of the world crop yield, as well as the quality, and reduction of chemical fertilizer and the pesticide use, helps solution of the famine and undernourishment in developing countries. Besides, it also promotes the development of certain related industries like pharmaceutical and chemical industries; On the other hand, it also brings the unprecedented threat for human beings. We are unaware of the potential effects in human bodies, or any unknown injury to the next generation, caused by genetic modification. Nor can we forecast what kind of influence to the extant gene will emerge. At present, effects caused by genetically-modified products on environment as well as food safety are not concluded yet, so consumers and policy-makers in many countries have to put careful consideration. Trade dispute on genetically-modified products arised between European Union and US is a typical discrepancy in attitude. This article tries to give some suggestions on enaction of policies of genetically-modified product for China, a developing country short of food potentially base on analysis of the dispute and trade policies of the both parties.
【Key Words】Genetically-modified Products International Trade Trade Policy
目 录
1 转基因产品的现状及相关协定 ................................2
1.1 转基因产品的种植现状 ......................................2
1.2 转基因产品的贸易现状 ......................................3
1.3 有关转基因产品国际贸易的协定 ..............................4
2 转基因产品的贸易争端及其原因 ..............................6
2.1 转基因产品贸易争端现状 ....................................6
2.2 引起转基因贸易争端的原因 ..................................7
3 美国、欧盟转基因政策之比较 ................................8
3.1 原则性政策上的差异 ........................................8
3.2 审批许可制度上的差异 ......................................9
3.3 管理法规上的差异 ..........................................10
3.4 标识制度上的差异 ..........................................11
4 对我国转基因产业的几点启示 ................................11
4.1 我国现阶段转基因产业的政策和发展状况 ......................11
4.2 对我国转基因产品政策的几点启示 ............................13
参考文献 ......................................................17
