中小型外贸企业面临的结汇风险及应对措施

论文编号:GM122       论文字数:9801,页数:14

摘   要

     伴随着对外开放，外贸体制改革及外贸经营权的放开，我国的对外贸易呈现出前所未有的发展势头，外贸企业的数量激增，而中小型外贸企业的数量又占到外贸企业数量的90%左右。能否搞好中小型外贸企业，对我国整个外贸行业的兴衰至关重要。
人民币汇率的市场化趋势，对我国数量庞大的中小型外贸企业的一种重要考验。在现行汇率制度下，我国中小型外贸企业由于1.对国内外的经济形势不关心，没有考虑到出口收汇会产生汇兑损失2.签订的对外出口合同内容中存在漏洞3.没有采用相应的金融手段来规避汇率风险4.中小型企业缺乏专用外汇管理人才面临着结汇风险。因此，本文对该问题给出的可以选择的结汇避险工具有：1.确立防范结汇风险的基本战略2.设立一个防范外汇风险的管理机构3.利用金融业务规避结汇风险4.利用外贸业务实际操作来规避结汇风险。

【关键词】中小型外贸企业  人民币汇率体制  结汇风险  结汇避险措施

 Abstract

With the opening economic，the system of  foreign trade reform and the expanding of  the  authorize of  foreign trade operating,  the international trade of China is facing to the tendency never occurred before. The number of foreign trade enterprises is becoming much bigger rapidly, and the Middle and small scale foreign trade enterprises are 90% from it. Therefore whether or no develop well the Middle and small scale foreign trade enterprises are very important to the prosperity or decline whole foreign trade field. 
     RMB rate of exchange marketing is a test to the many Middle and small scale foreign trade enterprises. Under the system of rate of exchange in force, first, as the Middle and small scale foreign trade enterprises don’t be concerned about situation domestic and abroad, don’t consider the exchange loss during in exchange; second, the export tracts have much flaw. Third, had not adopt correct financial means to evade the risk of rate of exchange, fourth, no professional personnel to manage foreign rate of exchange. So this paper give some tools of evading the risk of foreign exchange settlement by choose in this article: first, establish the basic strategy of evading foreign exchange settlement risk; second, set up an organization of foreign exchange management, third, evade the risk by financial business; last, evade the risk by foreign trade practice.

【Keyword】Middle and small-scale foreign enterprises  RMB rate of exchange system  Technology of evade exchange rate risk  Risk of foreign exchange settlement
 
目  录
1 中小型外贸企业在我国外贸发展中的作用 .............................2
1.1  我国中小外贸企业的状况........................................ 2
1.2 中小型外贸企业的重要地位 .......................................2
2    我国中小型外贸企业结汇风险的宏观原因分析 ......................3
2.1  现行的人民币浮动汇率制度及汇率制度的选择与改革方向 ............3
2.2 人民币升值情况下中小型外贸企业结汇风险的表现形式............... 4
3  我国中小型外贸企业收汇损失微观原因分析 ..........................5
3.1 对国内外的经济形势不关心 .......................................5
3.2 签订的对外出口合同内容中存在漏洞 ...............................6
3.3 没有采用相应的金融手段来规避汇率风险 ...........................6
3.4 中小型外贸企业缺乏专业外汇管理人才..............................6
4  我国中小型外贸企业结汇避险措施 ..................................7
4.1 确立防范结汇风险的基本战略 .....................................7
4.2  设立一个防范外汇风险的管理机构 ................................7
4.3  利用金融业务规避结汇风险 ......................................8
4.4  利用外贸业务实际操作来规避结汇风险 ............................10
参考文献 ...........................................................13
致  谢 .............................................................14