浅析普通车床数控化改造

论文编号:JX1671  论文字数:18441.页数:39 附CAD图

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浅析普通车床数控化改造
摘要
 普通机床的经济型数控改造主要是在合理选择数控系统的前提下，然后再对普通车床进行适当的机械改造，我国现有的、数以万计的陈旧、落后的机床是机床大修与数控化改造行业产生的现实基础我国是一个发展中国家，由于长期自身机制的不适应性，经济实力过低、技术落后、设备陈旧，极大地制约着国民经济的发展。机床长期运转甚至超负荷使用，同时又缺少认真的维修与保养，造成机床严重磨损，丧失了精度；由于新产品制造的需要，原有机床性能已不能满足使用要求，急需更新升级改造。本论文说明了普通车床的数控化改造的设计过程，较详尽地介绍了普通车床机械改造部分的设计及数控系统部分的设计。采用以8031为CPU的控制系统对信号进行处理，由I/O接口输出步进脉冲，经一级齿轮传动减速后，带动滚动丝杠转动，从而实现纵向、横向的进给运动。
关键字：普通车床；数控改造；步进电机；经济型数控系统；数控刀架。

Abstract
CNC machine tools, general transformation of the economy mainly in the rational choice under the premise of numerical control system, and then on the lathe proper mechanical transformation of our existing, and tens of thousands of old, poor machine is a machine overhaul and Numerical transformation of the industry arising from the reality-based China is a developing country, due to its own mechanisms of non-adaptive, low economic strength, technological backwardness, outdated equipment, which greatly restricts the development of the national economy. The long-term operation and even the use of machine overload, while the lack of serious repair and maintenance, resulting in a serious tool wear, loss of precision; a result of new product manufacturing needs, the original machine performance can not meet the application requirements, need to be replaced upgrade. This paper describes the transformation of ordinary lathe CNC design process, a more detailed description of the transformation of ordinary lathe machine part of the design and numerical control parts of the system design. To adopt a 8031 control system for the CPU to process the signal from the I / O interface, the output pulse stepping through a gear reducer, the drive rolling screw rotation, in order to achieve vertical and horizontal movement of the feed.
Keywords: ordinary lathe; numerical transformation; stepper motor; Economical CNC system; CNC tool holder.

目  录
摘 要…………………………………………………………………………………1
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………2
1 绪 论………………………………………………………………………………4
1.1机床改造的内容及意义…………………………………………………………5
1.1.1研究意义………………………………………………………………………5
1.1.2.改造的内容……………………………………………………………………5
2进给伺服系统机械部分设计与计算………………………………………7
2.1进给系统机械结构改造设计……………………………………………………7
2.2进给伺服系统机械部分的计算与选型…………………………………………7
2.3  滚珠丝杠的选择………………………………………………………………8
2.3.1滚珠丝杠副的特点……………………………………………………………8
2.3.2. 纵向滚珠丝杠螺母副的型号选择与校核步骤……………………………9
2.3.3．横向滚珠丝杠螺母副的型号选择与校核步骤……………………………12
2.4绘制进给伺服系统的机械装配图……………………………………………19
3步进电机的选择………………………………………………………………20
3.1 纵向步进电机的选择…………………………………………………………20
3.1.1 确定系统的脉冲当量………………………………………………………20
3.1.2步距角的选择………………………………………………………………20
3.2 横向步进电机的选择…………………………………………………………25
3.2.1步距角的确定………………………………………………………………25
4 主轴交流伺服电机……………………………………………………………28
4.1．主轴的变速范围………………………………………………………………28
4.2初选主轴电机的型号…………………………………………………………28
4.3主轴电机的校核………………………………………………………………28
5.微机数控系统硬件电路设计………………………………………………28
5.1微机数控系统硬件电路总体方案设计………………………………………28
5.2设计说明………………………………………………………………………30
6.刀架总体结构设计……………………………………………………………32
6.1减速传动机构的设计…………………………………………………………32
6.2上刀体锁紧与定位机构的设计………………………………………………32
6.3刀架抬起机构的设计…………………………………………………………32
6.4自动回转刀架的工作原理……………………………………………………33
7常见故障分析及应注意的问题……………………………………………35
7.1常见故障的排除方法…………………………………………………………35
7.2注意问题………………………………………………………………………35
结  论………………………………………………………………………………37
参考文献…………………………………………………………………………38
致  谢………………………………………………………………………………39