铸棒线切割的机电一体化设计

论文编号:JX1672  论文字数:12049.页数:33 附CAD图

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 摘要
 机电一体化产品广泛应用于各种加工业，切割技术也有了飞速的发展，手工切割已经适应不了现代工业发展的要求。同时，切割机的夹紧机构也有了迅速的发展，一些简单的机械手已经得到广泛的应用。简单的机械手经过几十年的发展，如今已进入以通用机械手为标志的时代。几十年来，这项技术的研究和发展一直比较活跃，设计在不断的修改，品种也在不断的增加，应用领域也在不断的扩大。简单的机械手是一种仿人操作、自动控制、的机电一体化自动化生产设备。特别适合于多品种、变批量的柔性生产。它对稳定、提高产品质量，提高生产效率，改善劳动条件和产品的快速更新换代起着十分重要的作用。
 我设计的铸棒线切割机结构简单，性能安全可靠，操作方便可行，很好的实现了其预定功能。铸棒线切割机主要由三个大的部分组成，即切割部分、夹紧部分和纵横行走部分。
 切割部分是由电极带动砂轮旋转，由气缸控制砂轮上下移动完成切割。夹紧部分主要采用了一个气动夹紧机械手，电磁阀控制气缸活塞的伸缩来实现夹紧和放松。纵横行走部分是由气缸控制纵向、横向行走板，使之沿直线导轨前进或返回。
 整个机器由PLC控制各个气动换向阀的电磁铁，由气缸驱动完成顺序切割动作过程。而随动工作台的随动前进速度也可以通过夹紧机械手夹紧铸棒使之与铸棒速度同步。横向切割时的切割速度可以通过气缸来调节。
 这种切割机具有控制方便，性能稳定，结构简单，调节、修改方便、生产率高等优点，具有广阔的应用前景。
 关键词：切割机，切割，夹紧，纵横行走，PLC
  
 Abstract
  Integration of machinery product widely applied each kind of processing industry, the cutting technology also had the rapid development, the manual cutting already could not adapt the modern industry development request.At the same time, the cutter clamp organization also had the rapid development, some simple manipulators already obtained the widespread application.The simple manipulator passes through several dozens years development, now entered take the general-purpose manipulator as the symbol time.For several dozens years, this technical research and the development continuously quite is active, designs in the unceasing revision, the variety also in the unceasing increase, the application domain also in the unceasing expansion.The simple manipulator is one kind imitates the human to operate, the automatic control, the integration of machinery automation production equipment.Suits specially in the multi-varieties, changes the batch the flexible production.It to stable, improves the product quality, enhances the production efficiency, the improvement work condition and the product fast renewal extremely vital role.
 I design cast the good line cutter structure to be simple, performance safe reliable, the ease of operation is feasible, very good realization its predetermined function.Casts the good line cutter mainly to be composed by three major parts, namely cutting part, clamp part and vertically and horizontally running gear.
 The cutting part is by electrode impetus grinding wheel revolving, by the air cylinder control grinding wheel reciprocated completes cutting.The clamp part mainly used an air operated clamp manipulator, the solenoid valve control air cylinder piston expansion and contraction has realized the clamp and the relaxation.Vertically and horizontally the running gear is by the air cylinder control longitudinal, the crosswise good off beat, causes it along the straight line guide rail advance or the returns.
 The entire machine controls each air operated cross valve by PLC the electro-magnet, actuates by the air cylinder to complete the smooth cutting movement process. But the follow-up work table follow-up rate of progression also may through clamp the manipulator to clamp casts the stick to cause it with to cast the good speed synchronization.Time the across cutting cutting speed may adjust through the air cylinder.
 This kind of cutter has the control to be convenient, the performance is stable, the structure is simple, adjustment, revision convenient, productivity higher merit, has the broad application prospect.
 Key word: The cutter, cutting, the clamp, vertically and horizontally walks, PLC
 
  
 
 目录
摘要 1
Abstract 2
第一章 绪论 5
1.1 课题研究的背景 5
1.2 课题的主要任务 6
第二章  切割部分设计 7
2.1 设计要求 7
2.2 方案设计 7
2.3 结构设计 8
2.3.1 砂轮片的选取 8
2.3.2  电机的选取 8
2.3.3  带传动设计 9
2.3.4  升降气缸的选择 12
2.3.5  滚动轴承的选取及校核 15
第三章   夹紧部分设计 18
3.1 设计要求 18
3.2 方案设计 18
第四章   纵横行走部分的设计 19
4.1 设计要求 19
4.2 方案设计 20
4.3 直线导轨的选择计算 20
4.3.1选定条件： 20
4.3.2 选择方式 20
第五章   PLC概述 22
5.1 PLC的国内外状况 22
5.2 可编程控制器PLC的基本原理 24
5.3 可编程控制器的特点 24
5.4 PLC未来展望 26
第六章  电气控制线路的设计 27
6.1 电气控制线路设计的一般要求 27
6.2 电气控制线路的设计方法 27
6.3  气动原理图设计 28
6.3.1 气动原理图 28
6.3.2 控制流程图 30
结    论 32
辞  谢 32
参考文献 34