护士身心健康的影响因素及对策

论文编号:HL231 论文字数:12045,页数:22

论文题目：护士身心健康的影响因素及对策
摘　要
 研究背景
 随着社会的发张，护理工作在现代生活中越来越显示出其重要的地位和作用。护理工作是高度繁重、高度紧张、高标准要求的职业，因此护理人员必须要有过硬的专业技术、良好的心理素质，同时具备保护自己安全的意识和能力。医院是患者高度密集，高精医疗技术密集，抢救治疗工作密集的场所，加上各种生物、理化、心理社会因素的影响，护理人员的身心健康易受到极大的威胁。我国是一个发展中国家，人口多，护理人员及医疗资源严重缺乏，护理工作高度繁重，职业防护缺乏或不完善；“看病贵、看病难”、医患矛盾尖锐等社会问题带来的巨大精神压力；再加之我国尚未建立健全完善的社会保障体系和职业保险制度，使我国护理人员的身心健康面临更大的威胁。随着护理工作在现代生活中的日益重要，影响并威胁着护理人员身心健康的因素日渐暴露，亟需探寻科学有效的防护措施，建立完善的防护制度，以推动护理事业健康发展。本文查阅相关文献，结合我国实际，分析影响护理人员身心健康各种因素，寻求科学有效的防护措施，希望以此对护理人员的身心健康有所裨益。
 研究目的
 现代护理工作集科学性、技术性、服务性、风险性于一体。护理人员在高压力、高度紧张的环境中容易引起心理健康问题。护理人员的心理健康水平影响其职业技能的发挥及工作效率，进而影响护理工作的整体水平。通过探讨护理人员心理健康问题发生的原因，并提出解决问题的对策，可以提升护理质量，促进全民健康事业更好地发展。
 研究方法
 采用问卷调查法，由专人将问卷发给各科室护士，本次共发放问卷78份，回收72份，有效问卷70份，有效回收率为92%。
 研究结果
 护士SCL-90各因子分均低于健康成人（P<0.01）,有显著性意义，说明护士心理健康程度低于健康成人；护士压力状况显示二级医院与三级医院在工作量及时间方面有高度显著性差异（P<0.01）；在工作压力总分方面也有显著差异（P<0.05），在其他方面无显著差异。护士心理健康状况与护理专业及工作方面压力相关性不大（P>0.05）；在时间分配及工作量、工作环境及资源、管理和人际关系等方面具有显著相关性（P<0.01）。
 研究结论
 探讨护理人员心理健康问题发生的原因并采取相应的对策，利于护理人员的身心健康，提升护理质量，促进全民健康事业发展。
 
 关键词：护理人员；身心健康；影响因素；对策
 
 论文类型：非实验研究
 
  Abstract
 Background
 With the development of society, the nursing work in modern life increasingly demonstrated its important position and role. The nursing work is highly onerous, high tension, high standards of occupation, so nursing staff should have excellent professional skills, good psychological quality, at the same time have to protect their safety consciousness and ability. The hospital is in patients with highly intensive, high precision medical technology intensive, salvage therapy work intensive sites, plus a variety of biological, physical, psychological and social factors, nurses'''' physical and mental health is a great threat to. Our country is a developing country, population is much, nursing personnel and the medical resource is lacked badly, nursing work highly onerous occupation protection, lack of or inadequate;" see a doctor expensive, difficult to see a doctor", the doctor-patient contradiction and social issues brought tremendous mental pressure; plus China has yet to establish a sound and perfect social security system and occupation insurance system, so that our nurses'''' physical and mental health become more of a threat to. As the nursing work in modern life increasingly important, influence and threaten the physical and mental health of nurses and the factors of increasing exposure, to explore the scientific and effective protecting measures, establish and improve the protection system, in order to promote the healthy development of the cause of nursing. This paper consults the related literature, combining the reality of our country, analysis of the impact of physical and mental health of nurses and a variety of factors, to seek scientific and effective protective measures, hoping to help the physical and mental health of nursing staff.
 Study
 Modern nursing work is scientific, technical, service, risk in one. The nursing staff at high pressure, highly stressful environment easily lead to mental health problems. Psychological health of nursing staff levels affect its occupation play skills and work
 efficiency, thereby affecting the overall level of nursing work. Through the study on the mental health status of nurses in the causes of the problem, and put forward the countermeasures to solve the problem, can enhance the quality of care, to promote universal health career to develop better.
 Research Methods
 By using the method of questionnaire, the questionnaire was sent to all departments by
 the specialist nurse, the total of 78 questionnaires were sent out, reclaim 72, effective questionnaire 70, the effective rate of recovery is 92%.
 Results
 Nurse SCL-90 factor scores were lower than those of healthy adult ( P < 0.01 ), significantly, nurse mental health level is lower than the healthy adult; nurse stress status display two hospitals and three hospitals in the workload and time have a highly significant difference ( P < 0.01 ); work stress scores also had significant difference ( P < 0.05 ), no significant differences in other aspects. Mental health status of nurses and the nursing profession and work pressure of little relevance ( P > 0.05 ); at the time of assignment and workload, work environment and resources, patient care and management and interpersonal relationships have significant correlation ( P < 0.01 ).
 Conclusions
 To explore the nursing staff mental health problems cause and take corresponding countermeasures, in favor of nurses'''' physical and mental health, improve the quality of nursing, promote the healthy development of the cause of.
 
 Keywords: nurses; physical and mental health; factors; responses
 
 Paper type: non-experimental study
 
  
目  录
1 绪论 1
1.1 背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的及目标 1
1.2.1 研究目的 1
1.2.2 研究目标 1
1.3 关键词及定义 1
1.4 文献回顾 2
1.4.1 护士的身心健康状况 2
1.4.2 护士身心健康状况的主要影响因素 3
2 研究设计 5
2.1 研究对象 5
2.2 一般资料 5
2.3 研究方法 5
2.4 研究步骤 5
3 研究结果 6
3.1 一般情况 6
3.2 不同组别人员测量结果 6
4  讨   论 8
4.1 护士身心健康状况的主要影响因素 8
4.1.1 职业因素 8
4.1.2 个人因素 9
4.2 解决护理人员身心健康问题的对策 9
5 推论及建议 11
5.1 推论 11
5.2 建议 11
致    谢 12
参考文献 13
附    录 14