孕期妇女营养和适宜体重增长的研究

论文编号:HL163  论文字数:11765.页数:26

论文题目：孕期妇女营养和适宜体重增长的研究
摘　要             
 目的：调查了解西安市孕期妇女膳食食物消费量和营养素摄入情况，搜集孕期妇女体重增长数据，以便提供合理的膳食建议，研究西安市孕期妇女体重增长的适宜值，指导孕期保健。
 方法：于2010年4月-2010年8月收集了西安市242 名孕妇进行了一项纵向研究，用以观察她们孕期膳食食物消费量、营养素摄入量；孕期体重变化和最终的妊娠结局。研究中用24 小时膳食回顾法调查了不同孕期妇女的膳食情况，测量了孕妇的孕前体重和孕期体重，记录其妊娠结局情况，以调查问卷形式获得她们的社会经济方面的资料。分析了食物消费量、营养素摄入量；孕期增重；不同年龄、孕前不同BMI 、新生儿出生体重不同孕妇的孕期体重增加状况。
 结果：① 孕早期和孕中期妇女能量摄入量均未达到推荐摄入量〔 RNI ) , 孕早期能量摄入量1652kcal ，为RNI 的78.7% ，中期1914kcal ，为RNI 的83.2 % ，晚期2365 kcal ，为RNI 的102.8 ％。孕早期蛋白质摄入量达到RNI 的80.2 % ，中期为83.2 % ，晚期为96.8％。各期维生素A 的摄入量分别达到RNI 的75.7 % , 78 .4％, 82.4 % ; 维生素Bl 达到RNI 的49.3 % , 54.67 % , 70.7 % ；维生素B2达到RNI 的43.5 % , 55.9％, 68.8 %；维生素C 的摄入量均不同程度地超过了RNI 。早、中、晚孕期钙的摄入量仅达到适宜摄入量（AI）的56％, 58.6 % , 54.2 % ；铁的摄入量分别为Al 的122.2%，107.6%，63.9％。② 本研究中孕妇的年龄为28.1士3.9岁，孕前体重为58.14士8.91kg，孕前BMI为22.56士3.06kg/m²，孕期末体重增加15.94士4.67kg，新生儿出生体重在2500-4000g的孕妇孕期体重增加值为15.80士4.67kg 。孕前BMI 过低、正常和超重者增重高于肥胖者；新生儿出生体重正常的孕妇，孕前BM 工过低、正常和超重者孕期增重均高于肥胖者。
 结论：西安市孕期妇女膳食种类多样，但营养素摄入水平不均衡，建议加强孕妇健康教育，增加动物性食品、奶及奶制品的摄入。同时本次调查孕妇孕期体重增加值高于推荐值12.5kg 。孕妇在孕28 周后应加强监测体重的增加情况。
 关 键 词：孕妇；膳食；营养；妊娠期；体重增长
 
 论文类型：调研报告
 
 Title: The research for nutrition and appropriate weight gain of pregnant women
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Investigate and understand the diet of pregnant women in Xi''''an food consumption and nutrient intake, weight gain in pregnant women to collect data in order to provide reasonable dietary advice, weight gain of pregnant women in Xi''''an appropriate to advise health care during pregnancy.
Methods: 2010 In April 2010 in Xi''''an in August to collect the 242 pregnant women conducted a longitudinal study to observe their food consumption during pregnancy diet, nutrient intake; pregnancy weight change and the final pregnancy outcome. Study using 24-hour dietary recall method investigated the situation of different diets of pregnant women, pregnant women were measured pre-pregnancy weight and pregnancy weight, pregnancy outcome was recorded cases, the form of a questionnaire to obtain their socio-economic information. Analysis of food consumption, nutrient intake; pregnancy weight gain; different ages, different pre-pregnancy BMI, birth weight in pregnant women during pregnancy weight gain in different conditions.
Results: ① second trimester pregnant women in early and did not meet the recommended intake of energy intake (RNI), energy intake during early pregnancy 1652kcal, the RNI of 78.7%, medium 1914kcal, the RNI of 83.2%, late 2365 kcal, for the RNI 102.8%. Protein intake in early pregnancy to 80.2% RNI-, medium-83.2%, 96.8% late. The intake of vitamin A, 75.7% of RNI, respectively, 78.4%, 82.4%; vitamin Bl to RNI of 49.3%, 54.67%, 70.7%; RNI of vitamin B2 to 43.5%, 55.9%, 68.8% ; vitamin C intake volume to varying degrees over the RNI. Early, middle and late calcium intake during pregnancy to achieve adequate intake only (AI) 56%, 58.6%, 54.2%; iron intake of Al, 122.2%, respectively, 107.6%, 63.9%. ② age of pregnant women in this study was 28.1 ± 3.9 years old, pre-pregnancy weight was 58.14 ± 8.91kg, pre-pregnancy BMI was 22.56 ± 3.06kg / m², the end of weight gain during pregnancy 15.94 ± 4.67kg, neonatal birth weight in pregnant women in 2500-4000g weight gain during pregnancy is 15.80 ± 4.67kg. Low pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain in normal and overweight than obese; pregnant women of normal birth weight, pre-pregnancy BM workers is too low, normal and overweight weight gain during pregnancy were higher than obese.  
Conclusion: Xi''''an pregnant women dietary variety and nutrient intake level but uneven, proposed to strengthen the health education of pregnant women, increased animal food, milk and dairy intake. The survey also weight gain during pregnancy is higher than the recommended value 12.5kg. Pregnant women after 28 weeks pregnant weight gain should be strengthened to monitor the situation.
KEY WORDS: pregnant women;food;nutrient;pregnancy;weight gain
TYPE OF THESIS: Research Report

目  录
摘　要 I
ABSTRACT III
目  录 V
1 绪论 3
1.1 背景及意义 3
1.2 研究目的及目标 3
1.3 关键词及定义 3
1.4 文献回顾 4
2 研究设计 5
2.1研究对象 5
2.2 一般资料 5
2.3 研究工具 5
2.4 研究方法 5
2.5 研究步骤 7
3 研究结果 9
3.1孕妇的一般情况 9
3.2孕妇的食物摄入量和营养素摄入量 10
3.3孕妇孕期的体重增长情况 14
3.4新生儿情况 14
3.5孕妇产后情况 14
3.6孕妇营养素摄入和孕期末增重的关系 15
4 讨论 17
4.1孕妇孕期膳食摄入 17
4.2孕妇孕期营养素摄入 17
4.3孕妇孕期增重 19
5 推论及建议 21
致    谢 23
参考文献 25
附    录 27