早期干预在治疗早产儿黄疸中的作用

论文编号:HL160  论文字数:11285.页数:26

论文题目：早期干预在治疗早产儿黄疸中的作用
摘　要
 目的：探讨按摩灌肠应用于早产儿黄疸的疗效，并分别与腹部按摩、普通灌肠、双面光疗及对照组进行比较，探讨分析预防早产儿黄疸的各种早期干预措施临床应用的优缺点，旨在寻找一种疗效好、创伤少而又简单易行的具有临床价值及社会效益的护理措施，预防早产儿黄疸，减少并发症。
 方法：将125例早产儿随机分为A、B、C、D、E组，五组均采用相同的营养方案及黄疸药物治疗。A、B、D组早产儿早期分别给予腹部按摩、普通灌肠和按摩灌肠，C组为双面光疗组，E组为对照组。当经皮黄疸 (transcutaneous bilirubin，TCB)检测指数达到18．0(11 mg/dl)时，A、B、D、E组早产儿常规采用单面光疗24 h，C组给予双面光疗24 h。C、E组不予按摩或灌肠。观察五组早产儿的黄疸、排便及喂养情况。采用方差分析和χ2检验分析数据。
 结果：按摩灌肠组早产儿的黄疸持续天数和光疗天数较其它四组明显缩短 (P<O．05)。住院满两周的早产儿中，按摩灌肠组早产儿第12天、第14天TCB值明显低于腹部按摩组、普通灌肠组和对照组(P<O．05)，与双面光疗组组问差异无显著性(P>o．05)。按摩灌肠组病理性黄疸发生率明显低于对照组，两周内黄疸消退率明显高于对照组和腹部按摩组(P<0．005)。按摩灌肠组胎粪排尽时间较普通灌肠组、双面光疗组和对照组缩短(P<0．01)，前5天、前7天总便次及住院满2周早产儿2周内的总便次明显多于其它四组(P<O．05)。按摩灌肠组早产儿喂养不耐受发生率明显低于普通灌肠组和对照组(P<0．005)，便秘发生率显著低于其它四组(P<0．001)。
 结论：早产儿生后尽早实行按摩灌肠可促进胎粪较多较快排出，促进胆红素排泄，协助早产儿黄疸尽早消褪，缩短光疗时间，降低病理性黄疸发生率。按摩灌肠还能促进肠道蠕动，增加喂养的耐受性。
 关键词: 早产儿；黄疸；早期干预
 
Title: Effects of Implementing Early Nursing Interventions Oil Jaundice in Premature Infants
ABSTRACT
Objective
 To explore the effects of implementing enema combined with massage on jaundice in premature infants．Differences were compared among enema combined with massage，abdominal massage，and routine enema as well as double—side phototherapy and SO was the control group．Clinical advantages and disadvantages of these early interventions for preventing neonatal jaundice and reducing complications were analyzed to find out a simple，effective and woundless nursing intervention which also has clinical values and social effects．
Methods
 1 25 premature infants were randomly assigned into group A，B， C，D and E．All infants in the five groups received identical nutrition and drug therapy．The infants in group A，B and D were given early abdominal massage，routine enema and enema combined with massage respectively．Group C was
 the double—side phototherapy group and group E was the control group．When transcutaneous bilirubin(TCB)indexes counted more than 1 8．0，group A，B，D and E were given routine single—side phototherapy for 24 hours．Double-side phototherapy was applied in group C when TCB indexes were over 1 8，0． Neither enema nor abdominal massage was given to group C and E．Neonatal jaundice，defecation and feeding were recorded．ANOVA，test were used to analyze the data．
Results
 The time for j aundice lasting and phototherapy were significantly shorter in group D than other four groups(P<0．05)．Transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB)indexes of those hospitalized for at least two weeks were lower in group D than those in group A，B and E(P<0．05)．The incidence of Hyperbilirubinemia and the rate of j aundice extinction in the first two weeks showed significant differences in the 5 groups(P<0．01)．The incidence of Hyperbilirubinemia in group D was remarkably lower than those in group E，and the rate ofjaundice extinction in the first two weeks of infants in group D was lower than those in group A and E(P<0．005)．The time for meconium exhaustion in group D was shorter than group B，C and E if,<0．0 1)．In group D，total defecation times in the first five days，first seven days and the first two weeks were obviously more than other four groups(P<0．05)．The incidences of constipation and feeding intolerance showed significant differences in the five groups(P<0．01)．The incidence of feeding intolerance of those in group D was lower than those in group B and E(P<0．005)，and the incidence of conniption ofthose in group D was lower than other four groups①<0．00 1)．
Conclusion
 Implementing enema combined massage early on premature infants after birth Can encourage more meconiums exhaustion and promote excretion of bilirubin．It can also help jaundice extinction，shorten the time of phototherapy as well as lower the incidence of Hyperbilirubinemia．Still，it can promote the intestinal movement and enhance feeding intolerance．

Key words：remature infants；neonatal jaundice；early intervention
 
目  录
 
1 绪论 1
1.1 背景及意义 1
1.2 目的…………………………………………………………………………………2
1.3 关键词及定义………………………………………………………………………2
1.4 文献回顾……………………………………………………………………………2
2 研究设计 5
2.1研究设计 5
2.2研究对象 5
2.3研究工具 5
2.4研究步骤 6
2.5统计分析 7
3 研究结果 8
3．1 五组早产儿黄疸情况比较 8
3．1．1 TCB值 8
3．1．2病理性黄疸发生率和两周内黄疸消退率 8
3．2五组早产儿排便情况比较 9
3．2．1排便次数 9
4 讨论 10
5 推论及建议 11
5．1 结论 11
5．2 建议 11
5．3 本研究局限性及展望 11
致    谢 12
参考文献 13