餐饮废油制取生物柴油新型催化剂的研究

论文编号:HG141  论文字数:12133,页数:30

摘要：能源是现代社会赖以生存和发展的重要资源之一，我国是石油资源极其短缺的国家，研发可持续发展的石油替代燃料对确保我国的能源安全，国民经济持续稳定健康发展具有及其重要的战略意义。生物柴油作为生物质能的一种，因其较好的燃烧性质及可再生、环境友好型等优点，己经在世界范围内得到广泛的研究及应用。
 随着人们生活水平的不断提高，餐饮废油的产量也日益增大，不仅严重影响市容环境和市民生活，而且还会造成大面积的水体污染。利用餐饮废油生产生物柴油是目前一条能够节约能源，减少污染的比较理想的途径。
 目前生产生物柴油的方法主要是化学合成法。但是该法存在易产生副反应，且会产生工业废水污染环境等缺点。本文以餐饮废油为原料，磷钨酸作为催化剂，通过脂交换反应制取生物柴油。通过单因素实验进行正交试验水平的确定，选出各个单因素的最佳反应条件，得到正交试验的实验最佳水平。然后通过正交实验讨论了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量和醇油比对原料转化率影响，得出优化工艺条件为：反应时间3h、反应温度为65℃、磷钨酸占餐饮废油质量为8%和醇油比(甲醇与原料油物质的量比)为10:1。
关键词：生物柴油；酯交换；餐饮废油；磷钨酸

Abstract :The energy is one of capital stocks in our developing modern life .Our country is extremely in lack of the oil resource.Hence, it is essentially strategic sense to research and develop the sustainable fuel instead of the crude oil, which could guarantee our country''''s energy security with development of the national economy healthily. Biodiesel , one kind of a biomas energy , has been used widely around the world since its good ignition character and renewable, environment friendly and so on.
As standard of our living environment is much better than before , the output of used dining oil also increases than ever,which is influenceing not only the city''''s environment seriously, but also the river we lived with. At present,it is a wise idea that we can reuse the cooking oil to save the energy and prevent environment fron being polluted.
The current method of producing biodiesel mainly chemical synthesis method .However, this method is easy to produce side effects, and will have disadvantages such as industrial wastewater pollution to the environment. In this article, the synthesis of biodiesel through the transesterification of waste oil as raw material catalyzed by phosphotungstic acid is carried out. Single factor experiments to determine the level of the orthogonal test, the winners of various single-factor optimum conditions to obtain the best level orthogonal experiments. Then the orthogonal experiment of reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst and methanol to oil ratio on the conversion of raw materials affected, the optimum condition is reaction time 3 h, phosphotungstic acid accounted for 8wt% of waste oil , a molar ratio of 10 in methanol (methanol and fuel oil ratio of molar) .
Keyword:biodiesel; transesterification; waste cooking oil; substitute fuel; phosphotungstic acid

目  录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目  录 III
1.绪论 1
1.1  生物柴油的简介 1
1.2  生物柴油的生产状况 2
1.3  市场前景 4
1.4  生物柴油的生产方法 4
2.实验部分 9
2.1  背景、目的、意义和内容 9
2.2  实验原理 9
2.3  原料及试剂 11
2.4  仪器与设备 11
2.5  检测方法 12
2.6  实验方法 13
3．结果与讨论 17
3.1  餐饮废油的性质 17
3.2  单因素实验 17
3.3  正交试验结果及极差分析 20
3.4  生物柴油的气相色谱分析 21
4．总结与展望 23
致 谢 24
参考文献 25