合成氨变换系统工艺设计及计算

论文编号:HG145  论文字数:26339,页数:73

摘 要：合成氨工业是化学工业的支柱产业之一，在国民经济中占有重要地位，同时也属于高能耗的产业，全球约有10%的能源用于合成氨的生产。世界经济的发展对合成氨的需求也逐渐旺盛。然而过剩的生产能力却使得这一领域的竞争激烈。因此如何寻找廉价的原料，提高生产效率，降低改造费用就显得尤为重要。
 本文以浙江化工学院为河南省鹿邑县化肥厂的合成氨所做的工艺计算书为依据，以年产合成氨20万吨为基础展开了计算。综合了物理化学、化工原理、反应工程等学科相关内容，针对变换工段固有的流程做出全装置物料及能量衡算，同时对本工段热水饱和塔、热交换器、水加热器等主要工艺设备进行了工艺计算。
关键词：合成氨；变换；能量衡算；工艺

Abstract: Synthetic ammonia is one of the most important building blocks in chemical industry and it also plays a critical role in national economy.  However, during this process, a lot of energy will be consumed and it is estimated that about 10% of the global energy are used for the production of ammonia.  Although the development of global economy has stimulated the high requirements for synthetic ammonia, the fierce competition is also found in this area.  Therefore, how to find cheap raw materials, how to improve efficiency and decrease the cost will be most important.
 In this paper, our calculation is based on Henan Lu Yi Fertilizer Plant with a capacity of producing 200, 000 tons per year.  We did mass and energy balances for whole equipments by utilizing the knowledge of physical chemistry, principle of chemical engineering and reaction engineering.  At the same time, we conducted technology calculation in tap water saturation, heat exchanger, water heaters, and other major equipments of this process.
Key words: Ammonia synthesis；Shift conversion；Energy balance；Technology

目  录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目录 III
1 绪论 1
  1.1 概述 1
  1.2 文献综述 4
  1.3 设计任务的依据 6
  1.4 贮运情况 6
  1.5 本章小结 6
2 生产流程与生产流程简述 5
  2.1生产流程简述 7
  2.2工艺条件的选择 9
  2.3本章小结 11
3 工艺计算书 12
  3.1 总气体消耗量计算 12
  3.2 变换工段各设备物料与热量衡算 14
  3.3 变换工段各设备主要工艺尺寸计算 26
  3.4本章小结 60
4 环保与安全措施 61
  4.1 环保措施 61
  4.2 安全问题与措施 62
  4.3本章小结 65
5 总结与展望 66
致谢 67
参考文献 68