年产十万吨PVC中HCl工序的工艺设计

论文编号:HG029  论文字数:14873,页数:34

摘 要
 作为合成聚氯乙烯原料的一种，盐酸的合成是必不可少的一部分。
 本设计承担年产十万吨聚氯乙烯生产工艺流程设计中盐酸合成工序的工艺设计。
 通过对国内外PVC的发展概况及盐酸生产的了解，随着氯碱工业的蓬勃发展，为了与烧碱生产能力配套，合成盐酸的规模也在不断扩大。在氯碱生产企业中，通常采用氯气和氢气直接合成氯化氢，用水吸收氯化氢制取盐酸。本设计采用在反应器中将氢气点燃，然后通入氯气进行反应，制得氯化氢气体。氯化氢气体冷却后被水吸收成为盐酸。在氯气和氢气的反应过程中，有毒的氯气被过量的氢气所包围，使氯气得到充分反应，防止了对空气的污染。
 近年来随着不透性石墨设备的发展，制取盐酸的合成炉已有最初的铁合成炉发展到“二合一”石墨炉、“三合一”石墨炉等。通过对这几种合成炉的比较，本设计选用“二合一”石墨炉。
 通过从工艺和安全上的比较，绘制了盐酸的工艺流程图。另外，通过物料衡算和能量衡算，以及主要设备的计算及选型，并对所选设备列出设备一览表。

关键词：盐酸，聚氯乙烯，盐酸制备，合成炉
 
  
 
ABSTRACT
 Synthesis of PVC as a raw material, the synthesis of hydrochloric is an essential part.
 Annual production capacity of 100,000 tons of vinyl chloride plant, Bear the hydrochlo-
ric synthesis of the design section of the Process Design.
 At home and abroad through the development of PVC, as well as knowledge of hydrochloric acid production in the chlor-alkali production enterprises, the use of direct synthesis of chlorine and hydrogen chloride, water absorption of hydrogen chloride from hydrochloric acid system.With the rapid development of chlor-alkali industry, synthesis of hydrochloric are also development in order to production capacity of caustic. Production in the chlor-alkali enterprises, hydrochloric are usually direct synthed by chlorine and hydrogen. And using Water absorption. When the industrial hydrochloric are product, First of all hydrogen in the reactor will be lit, and then pass into the reaction of chlorine, Hydrogen chloride gas are obtained. Hydrogen chloride gas was cooling as a hydrochloric acid absorption of water. Chlorine and hydrogen in the reaction process, the toxic chlorine gas was surrounded by an excessive amount of hydrogen so that the full reaction of chlorine to prevent contamination of the air.
 In recent years, with the development of impervious graphite equipment , Preparation of the synthesis of hydrochloric have been the first iron furnace synthesis furnace to"two-in-one" graphite Furnace, "three-in-one", such as graphite furnace. Furnace through the synthesis of these different kinds of comparison, the design of the term "two-in-one" graphite furnace.
 Technology and security from the comparison, the use of CAD software graphics rendering process flow chart of the hydrochloric acid. In addition, through the material balance and energy balance, as well as the main calculation and selection of equipment and equipment set out a list of the selected device.
 
KEY WORDS: Hydrochloric, PVC, Synthesis of Hydrochloric , synthesis furnace
              

目 录

第一章 总论 1
1.1国内外PVC的发展概况 1
1.2 目前国内PVC行业存在问题 1
1.3盐酸生产概述 2
1.4 设计任务 3
1.4.1 设计项目 3
1.4.2 原材料及产品的主要技术规格及来源 4
1.5 生产原理 7
1.5.1合成盐酸的工艺原理 7
1.6合成盐酸过程合成炉的确定 9
1.6.1 铁合成炉制取盐酸工艺的特点 9
1.6.2“二合一”合成炉制取盐酸工艺的特点 9
1.6.3“三合一”炉制取盐酸工艺的特点 11
1.6.4 本设计采用的合成炉 12
第二章 生产工艺流程确定及主要设备简述 13
2.1工艺流程简述 13
2.2 主要设备简述 13
2.2.1缓冲罐 13
2.2.2冷却器 14
2.2.3氢气阻火器 15
2.2.4石墨换热器 17
第三章  物料、热量衡算及主要设备计算和选型 19
3.1 年产十万吨聚氯乙烯所需要盐酸量的计算 19
3.2合成炉水冷夹套传热系数 20
3.3 空气冷却器的传热系数K的估算 21
3.5 合成炉水汽夹套面积计算 22
3.6 合成炉冷却水量计算 23
3.7 空冷管传热面积计算 23
3.8 石墨冷却器传热面积计算 23
3.9所需循环水量的计算 24
3.10合成炉基本尺寸确定 24
3.11 石墨冷却器的选用 25
3.12 圆翅片空冷管选用 25
第四章  三废处理 26
4.1概 述 26
4.2污染物对环境的影响 26
4.3工业废气排放标准 26
4.3.1氯化氢废气的排放标准 26
4.3.2有害物质的最高允许浓度 26
设计总结 27
设备一览表 28
致 谢 30