一枝黄花杀虫活性提取工艺研究

论文编号:HG113  论文字数:12778,页数:28

摘要：本文先采用水溶液回流方法对一枝黄花的不同生长部位进行提取，结果显示：茎的提取液对虫基本无效，叶的提取液杀虫效果明显。然后用不同的提取方法对一枝黄花的叶子部分进行提取。结果显示:甲醇超声提取液的杀虫活性最好，乙醇浸提法所得提取液次之，水回流提取液最弱。超声波提取是近年来广泛采用的一种新型提取技术。它是采用超声波辅助溶剂进行提取，声波产生高速、强烈的空化效应和搅拌作用，破坏植物细胞，使溶剂渗透到植物细胞中，缩短提取时间，提高提取率。超声波独具的物理特性能促使植物细胞组织破壁或变形，使有效成分提取更充分，提取率比传统工艺显著提高达50—500%。超声波提取通常在24—40分钟即可获得最佳提取率，提取时间较传统方法大大缩短2/3以上，提取的最佳温度在40—60℃，对遇热不稳定、易水解或氧化的植物中有效成分具有保护作用，同时大大节约能耗。超声提取不受成分极性、分子量大小的限制，适用于绝大多数种类中药材和各类成分的提取。
关键词：一枝黄花；超声提取；乙醇浸提；杀虫活性；

Study of extraction insecticidal activity in Solidago

Abstract: This article first reflux method using aqueous solutions of different growth parts of a flower was extracted to study the root of a flower, stem and leaf extract of the insecticide. The results showed that: the stem extract of the ineffectiveness of insects and leaf extract significantly insecticidal effect. And then use a different extraction methods on the leaves of a flower to extract. The results showed that: Activity of methanol extract of the best ultrasound, ethanol extraction followed by extract obtained. Ultrasonic extraction is widely used in recent years, a new extraction technology. It is the use of ultrasound assisted solvent extraction, sound waves produce high-speed, strong role of cavitation effects and mixing, destruction of plant cells to solvent penetration into plant cells, reduce the extraction time, increase the extraction rate. Unique physical properties of ultrasound can promote plant cell and tissue broken or deformed, so that active ingredients from more fully, the extraction rate was significantly increased compared with the traditional craft up to 50-500%. Extraction is usually 24-40 minutes to get the best extraction rate and extraction time than traditional methods greatly reduce the 2 / 3, the best extraction temperature of 40-60 ℃, on the case of thermal instability, easy hydrolysis or oxidation active ingredients in plants has a protective effect, and greatly reduce energy consumption. Ultrasonic extraction of polar components from the molecular weight size restrictions apply to most types of Chinese herbal medicines and various components of the extract.
 Keywords: Solidago; Ultrasonic extraction; ethanol extraction; insecticidal activity;

目  录
中文摘要.............................................................I
英文摘要............................................................II
目录...............................................................III
1．绪论 .............................................................1
 1.1一枝黄花的化学成分..............................................1
 1.2一枝黄花主要生物活性物质.. .....................................4
 1.3植物源农药研究进展..............................................6
 1.4一枝黄花作为新型杀虫剂植物药源的研究..........................9
 1.5主要任务与目标 ................................................9
 2．实验部分  .......................................................10
 2.1一枝黄花的不同生长部位水浸提提取物杀虫活性的测试情况 .........10
 2.2不同提取方法得到的提取物杀虫活性的测试情况   ................12
 3．结果与讨论......................................................14
3.1一枝黄花不同生长部位提取物对虫的测试结果分析.................14
3.2不同提取方法得到的提取物杀虫活性的测试结果分析...............16
3.3结果与讨论...................................................18
4．前景展望  ......................................................19
 4.1间接开发利用..................................................19
 4.2植物源农药资源途径的创新......................................20
 4.3植物源农药研究开发展望........................................20
致谢  .............................................................22
参考文献   ........................................................23