基于光电编码器的转角测量系统的研制

论文编号:DQ130   论文字数:12498,页数:38

摘   要
 光电编码器广泛用于各种高精度速度、位移测量场合。采用光电转换技术可将机械轴的角位置信息转化成相应的数字代码输出，因而可实现对角度、速度、直线位移和其他机械物理量的测量。随着光刻技术的飞速发展以及大批量生产的开始,光电编码器的精度以及其他技术指标也获得大幅度的提高。
 本文介绍了光电编码器的特点和它在在线检测系统中起到的作用，阐述了光电编码器测角原理, 分析了光电编码器测角系统的总体设计思路，论述了其功能和结构，并根据系统的技术指标完成了硬件配置,给出了光电编码器测角的硬件电路图和单片机软件相关程序，并在此基础上进一步实现了信号的细分倍频,同时还分析了误差的来源，给出了如何提高测量的分辨率和准确度的方法。
 本系统使用光电编码器，实现了它在弯管弯角测量系统上的功能,完成了对旋转角度和方向的精确判断和测量 。

关键词： 光电编码器、转角测量、在线检测、信号细分和倍频、89C51单片机

Abstract
 Photoelectric encoder is a high-precision measurement of circular grating components .It is being used in many places such as digital angle measurement sensors. The products can realize the measurement of angle, speed, linear displacement and other mechanical physical quantities. It has the advantages of high precision, low power consumption, no mechanical wear, stable and reliable. In recent years, with the development of computer technology, optical communication and optoelectronic devices, the level of optical encoder development has been improved and new products are emerging.
 This paper introduces the working principle of electro-optic encoder and the mode of its output signal and its application in automatic production line. It discusses the kind and feature of optical rotary encoder. It expatiates the rationale of incremental encoder and the output signal wave of incremental encoder. It also expatiates the configurable framework of incremental encoder in angle measure and interface electrocircuit of single chip. It achieves frequency multiplication. It gives the circuit of  measuring angle by using optical encoder and the procedures about singlechip software. It analyses the source of deviation and gives some ways of eliminating deviations as well as the methods of  improving the accuracy.
 This system uses photoelectric encoder . It achieve the functional of measuring pipe bends. It can  accurately  judge  the  rotation  direction and  measure  the  rotation  angle.

Key words：photoelectric  encoder ,  angle measurement,  online detection ,signal subdivision  and  frequency  multiplication ，89c51Singlechip

目 录
摘要 I
1绪论 1
 1.1 课题的来源 1
 1.2 研究的目的和意义 1
 1.3 国内外研究现状 2
 1.4本论文研究的主要内容 4
2基于光电编码器的转角测量系统的总设计方案 6
 2.1光电编码器测角原理: 6
 2.2 系统的结构组成 7
 2.3 硬件系统的设计 8
 2.3.1 单片机与光电编码器连线电路以及上电复位电路 8
 2.3.2 晶振时钟电路 8
 2.3.3 12864液晶屏接线电路 9
3系统的软件设计 10
 3.1 信号的计数、辨向和倍频 10
 3.1.1信号的计数 10
 3.1.2信号的辨向 11
 3.1.3 信号的细分 12
 3.2 主要程序流程图 12
 3.3 部分子程序功能简介 13
 3.3.1  89C51单片机计数程序 13
 3.3.2  12864液晶屏显示程序 15
4误差分析 18
5总结 19
致谢 20
参考文献 21
附录1 系统电路总图 22
附录2 系统总程序 23