空调自动控制其设计

论文编号:DQ078   论文字数:14921,页数:37

摘  要
 近年来，随着经济的迅猛发展和科学技术的突飞猛进，人们的生活水平得到了极大的提高。空调、电视机、电冰箱、洗衣机、微波炉等作为普通的家用电器早已铺天盖地的进入了寻常百姓家。这些家电随着技术的进步，其质量和性能的提高从没有停止过。然而，人们对家电的要求并不仅限于此，简单方便易操作是人们追求的一个目标。因此，这些家电在销售时通常会附带有相应的遥控器，如空调遥控器、电视遥控器等等。本设计就是为了现代人们对家电更高要求的满足而设计的空调自动控制遥控器。
 目前的遥控器普遍采用的是红外技术。该技术使用850nm的红外光传输语音及数据，能够实现点对点的简单的数据传送和文件同步。然而，红外技术也有着其固有的缺点。例如，它要求设备之间必须具有无障碍的直线信道，而且通信范围小，穿透能力差、支持的设备数目少等，因此红外遥控器并不是十分理想。
 声控遥控器的缺陷则更明显，它通常所需接受的声音一般都比较尖锐，从而容易误操作，因此也不理想。
 蓝牙技术是另一种可选的方案，它具有功耗低、操作过程简单、通信距离远、支持设备数目多、不需要直视信道等优点。但蓝牙技术的缺点也很明显。首先，蓝牙技术复杂度高，因此蓝牙硬件设计、软件及其协议编程不但复杂而且昂贵;其次，蓝牙芯片价格较高。
 但是为了节省成本又不影响设计结果，因此在本设计中的遥控器采用的是仍是红外技术。它具有结构简单、系统的技术复杂度小、成本低、方向性好、信息安全性高、可用频率资源多等优点。
 本设计包括硬件和软件设计两个部分。硬件部分包括红外发射模块的设计，CPU 89S51模块及其外围电路的设计，LED显示、键盘、人机交互模块的设计，温、湿度传感器模块的设计。软件部分主要包括温、湿度的检测与设定，开、关机时间的设定。
 
关键词：单片机,温、湿度传感器,红外发射

Abstract
In  recent  years, with  rapid  economic  development  and  scientific and technological advances, people''''s standard of living has been greatly improved. Air-conditioning, TV, refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens and other common household appliances as overwhelming already entered the home of ordinary people. These appliances with technological advances, the quality and performance improvement has not stopped. However, the requirements of the appliances are not limited to, simple easy-to-use is a goal pursued. Therefore, when in the sales of these appliances are usually attached to a corresponding remote control, such as air-conditioning remote control, TV remote control and so on. The design is to modern people''''s higher home appliances are designed to meet the requirements of automatic remote control air-conditioning.
At present, the remote control is commonly used infrared technology. The use of the technology 850nm infrared light transmission of voice and data, to achieve the simple point-to-point data transfer and file synchronization. However, the infrared technology also has its inherent shortcomings. For example, it requires equipment must be accessible between the straight-line channel, and the communication range of small, poor penetration, the number of small devices such as infrared remote control is therefore not very satisfactory.
Voice-activated remote control is even more obvious shortcomings, it is usually the voice of the general requirements for acceptance are more acute, thus easy to mistake, it is not ideal.
Bluetooth technology is another alternative approach, which has low power consumption, simple operation, communication distance, the number of support equipment, and do not have the advantages of open channel. However, the shortcomings of Bluetooth technology is obvious. First of all, the high complexity of Bluetooth technology, the Bluetooth hardware design, software programming and its agreement not only complex and expensive; Secondly, the higher the price of Bluetooth chips.
However, in order to reduce costs without affecting the design, so in the design of the remote control is still used infrared technology. It has a simple structure, the technical complexity of the system of small, low cost, good orientation and information safe and available frequency resources, etc..
The design includes hardware and software design in two parts. Hardware, including the design of infrared transmitter module, CPU 89S51 module and its peripheral circuit design, LED display, keyboard, Human-Computer Interaction module design, temperature and humidity sensor module design. Some of the major software, including temperature and humidity testing and configuration, the shutdown time set. 

Key words: microcontroller, temperature and humidity sensors, infrared emission

目 录
摘要……………………………………………………………………………. . .……………..II
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………...III
1 前言……………………………………………………………………………………………1
    1.1   研究的背景和意义………………………………………………………………. . ..1
    1.2   目前主要技术现状………………………………………………………………. . ..1
    1.3   本课题的主要任务………………………………………………………………. . ..2
2 总体设计方案……………………………………………………………………………. . .3
 2.1  遥控器设计的简单介绍 ……………………………………………………………..3
 2.2  遥控器总体方案设计………………………………………….... …………………...3
3 具体方案设计 ……………………………………………………………………………...4
 3.1   空调遥控器的硬件设计……………………………………………………………..4
     3.1.1   CPU AT89S51及其外围电路设计 4
     3.1.2   键盘的硬件设计 …………………………………………………………….12     
  3.1.3   温度检测电路的设计………………………………………………………...13
        3.1.4   湿度检测电路的设计………………………………………………………...15
        3.1.5   红外发射电路设计.…………………………………………………………..16
        3.1.6   LED显示方案设计 18
        3.1.7   日历芯片选择方案.…………………………………………………………..19
 3.2   空调遥控器的软件设计……………………………………………………………..21
        3.2.1   键盘的软件设计.…………………………………………………………….21
        3.2.2   DS1302芯片设置的软件设计…… ………………………………………….23
        3.2.3   温度检测的软件设计..……………………………………………………….26
        3.2.4   温度设置的软件设计程序……………………………………………………27
        3.2.5   LED显示软件设计……………………………………………………………29
4 总结…………………………………………………………………………………………...31
致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………...32
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………..33