SPWM逆变器设计

论文编号:DQ177   论文字数:13603,页数:38

摘要

 本文研究内容属于电源应用技术领域。随着电力电子技术的飞速发展和对电气设备控制性能要求的提高，逆变技术的应用越来越广泛，相应对逆变电源的要求也越来越高。正弦波逆变技术已成为电力电子技术中最重要的部分。
 SPWM逆变器作为逆变器的一种，可输出谐波含量小的正弦波形。随着数字化控制技术的发展，SPWM脉冲波的生成和逆变器的全数字化控制趋于方便，并可使逆变器的输出波形的稳态精度、暂稳态响应、可靠性等得到进一步提高。此外，逆变器诸性能的改善还基于对波形的闭环反馈控制，已见应用于此领域的纯数字控制技术有重复控制、数字PID控制、滑模控制、单周控制等。
   鉴于此，这次设计是采用SPWM逆变技术进行对电源的逆变，整个系统中用单片机控制，使逆变电源数字化，LED的显示使系统能直观化。数字化的逆变器让控制更加方便，并可使逆变器的输出波形的稳态精度、暂态响应、可靠性等得到进一步的提高。因为本次设计是对原有的实验设备基础上进行改进，精简了一部分元件的设计，加入了光电隔离技术，消除了外界电源的干扰，使得输出更加精确。
关键词：逆变电源；正弦脉宽调制；光电隔离；单片机8051；数码管显示
 
 Abstract

The content of this dissertation belongs in the research fields of power appliance technology. The performances of inventers are becoming more and more important along with the inverter technology’s widely using in lots of fields as the high speed developing of the power electronics and the more need for the electrical systems on control performance in some fields. As we know, the quality of electrical energy is more and more demanding in the modern industrial applications.
As one of inventers, SPWM inventers can achieve low total harmonic distortion (THD) output wave. With the development of digital control techniques, the production of SPWM and digital control of inventers become convenient, which makes the output wave’s steady-state precision, transient and steady state response, reliability improved. In addition, performances’ improvements of the inventers are also based on closed-loop control of output wave. Pure digital control technique, such as repetitive control, digital PID control , sliding mode control and one-cycle control, have being used in these fields.
In view of this, the design is the use of technology SPWM inverter power inverter, using single-chip microcomputer to control the entire system, so that the digital power inverter, LED display of the system can be intuitive. Digital control of the inverter to allow more convenient and steady state response, reliability improved. In addition, performances’ improvements of the inverters are also based on closed-loop control of output wave. Because of this design is the original on the basis of laboratory equipment to improve, streamline the design of a component part, joined the photoelectric isolation technology, eliminating the interference of external power, making the output more accurate.
Keywords: inverter；SPWM；Optical isolation；8051； LED
 
目录
摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
1 前言 1
1.1  现代逆变技术的发展与现状 1
1.1.1现代逆变技术的概念 1
1.1.2现代逆变技术的发展过程 1
1.1.3现代逆变技术的分类 2
1.2  选题的原因和设计内容 2
1.2.1 SPWM的优点 2
1.2.2本文研究的主要内容 3
2 SPWM逆变整流的原理 4
2.1  单相正弦波全桥逆变器的主电路拓扑 4
2.2  开关管的驱动信号 4
2.3   SPWM的两种常用的控制方法 5
2.4两种波形形式 6
2.5  设计中所用的SPWM 7
3硬件部分介绍 8
3.1总体设计方案 8
3.1.1 硬件设计原理图 8
3.1.2 系统功能介绍 8
3.2  SPWM正弦信号发生器SA8282 8
3.1.1 SA8282引脚和内部结构 9
3.1.2结构原理 10
3.3  单片机8051 11
3.3.1单片机AT89C51性能 12
3.3.2主要特性 13
3.3.3管脚说明 14
3.3.4振荡器特性 15
3.3.5芯片擦除 15
3.4 UNL2004驱动器 15
3.4.1芯片ULN2004性能 16
3.4.2ULN2004 特性 16
3.5  光电隔离器 17
3.5.1光电隔离器简介 18
3.5.2光电隔离器的结构 19
3.5.3光电隔离器的应用 20
3.5.4光电隔离器构成的几个实用电路 21
3.6   IR2110 24
3.6.1 IR2110简介 24
3.6.2 IR2110内部结构和特点 25
3.6.3高压侧悬浮驱动的自举原理 25
3.7  LED的显示 26
3.7.1并行接口概述 27
3.7.3 74HC164简要说明 29
4设计总结 32
致谢 32
参考文献 34
附录  硬件系统电路原理图和PCB 35