超高压输电线路的工频电磁场降低措施

论文编号:DQ351   论文字数:29164,页数:53

摘  要
 500kV超高压输电线路自投入运行以来，已逐渐成为我国电力系统的主干网络。与此同时，更高一级电压等级应用研究项目也在紧锣密鼓地进行。由于输电电压的提高，更大功率的输电成为可能。然而超高压输电线路的运行时会产生电磁辐射，使得输电线周围的电磁环境恶化加剧，对周围居民的健康和设备安全构成威胁。本文就500kV交流超高压输电线路电磁环境问题进行了研究。
 输电线路的电磁环境参数主要包括工频电场、工频磁场、无线电干扰和可听噪声四个方面。本文利用加拿大SES公司出品的CDEGS软件包对交流超高压输电线路就这四个方面进行了详细的仿真研究。针对每个电磁环境参数，分别介绍了其理论计算方法、主要影响因素、降低措施以及相关标准等。本文着重研究了超高压输电线路的工频电磁场降低措施，提出了在超高压输电线路下方架设屏蔽线和架设低压输电线路来降低输电线路下方工频电磁场的方法，并进行了相关的仿真，仿真结果表明：在相导线与地面之间安装几根屏蔽线或在超高压输电线路下方架设低压线路如220kV线路都可以明显减小输电线路下方的电磁场。对于无线电干扰和可听噪声，目前国内外通过超高压线路试验所得结果都小于限值。分裂根数和子导线截面积对无线电干扰和可听噪声的影响较大，可以通过增多分裂根数和加大子导线截面积来进一步减小超高压无线电干扰和可听噪声水平。

关键词：超高压  工频电磁场  无线电干扰  可听噪声

Abstract
 500kV transmission line from UHP put into operation, has gradually become the backbone of China’s electric power system network. At the same time, higher voltage applied research projects are carried out with great fanfare. Because of the increased voltage power transmission, high-power transmission is possible. However EHV transmission lines will have the operation of electromagnetic radiation, making transmission lines around the electromagnetic environment exacerbated the deterioration of the health of the residents around and pose a threat to security equipment. This article on the 500 kV transmission line electromagnetic EHV exchanged of environmental issues were studied.
 Transmission line electromagnetic environment parameters include frequency electric field, the frequency magnetic field, radio interference and noise audible in four aspects. In this paper, Canada SES company produced the package of exchange CDEGS EHV transmission lines on the four areas carried out a detailed simulation study. For each electromagnetic environment parameters, introduced its theoretical calculation methods, the main factor reducing measures and related standards. This article focuses on the EHV transmission lines in the lower-frequency electromagnetic fields, raised EHV transmission lines in the bottom line and the erection of shielding low-voltage transmission lines erected to reduce the transmission lines below the frequency of the electromagnetic field methods, and the relevant simulation, simulation The results showed that: in phase with the ground wire between the lines or install shielding in the few EHV transmission lines below the low-voltage lines such as the erection of 220 kV transmission line can be significantly reduced transmission lines the bottom of the electromagnetic field. Listen to radio interference and noise, the current domestic and international lines through EHV test results are less than limits. Split the root of wire and a few cross-sectional area of radio interference and a greater impact on the audible noise, you can split the increased numbers and increased cross-sectional area of wire to further reduce the EHV radio interference and audible noise levels.
 
 Key words：EHV   the frequency electromagnetic fields   radio interference  audible noise
目  录
摘  要 I
Abstract II
1  绪论 1
1.1  课题研究的背景和意义 1
1.2  电磁环境问题 2
1.2.1  超高压输电线路的电磁环境越发受到人们关注 2
1.2.2  某些电磁环境参数决定了线路参数的选择 2
1.3  国内外对超高压输电技术的研究 3
1.3.1  国外研究情况 3
1.3.2  国内研究情况 5
2  超高压输电线路的工频电场 6
2.1  输电线路的电场数值计算方法 6
2.1.1 各种数值算法的比较 6
2.1.2 模拟电荷法理论基础 7
2.1.3  常用高压输电线路附近电场的计算方法 8
2.2  工频电场影响因素 12
2.2.1 相导线对地高度 12
2.2.2 相间距离的影响 13
2.2.3 分裂导线根数 14
2.2.4 分裂间距 15
2.2.5 单回路导线布置形式对输电线路下方电场的影响 16
2.2.6 双回路导线相序布置方式 18
2.3  降低输电线路下方工频电场的其他措施 19
2.3.1  在相导线与地面间架设屏蔽线 19
2.3.2 多回不同电压等级同杆排列 19
2.4  超高压架空输电线路工频电场限值 21
2.4.1  1ICNIRP和IEEE关于工频电场限值的规定 21
2.4.2  各国关于工频电场的限值 22
3  超高压输电线路的磁场 26
3.1  高压输电线下方空间工频磁场的理论计算 26
3.1.1  镜像导线深度的问题 26
3.1.2  工频磁场二维计算方法（国际大电网会议推荐方法） 27
3.1.3  工频磁场的三维计算方法 28
3.2  架空输电线路周围工频磁场的分布 30
3.3  工频磁场的影响因素 31
3.3.1  线路负荷电流 31
3.3.2  相导线对地高度 32
3.3.3  相间距离 33
3.3.4  单回路导线的布置形式 34
3.3.5  双回路相序布置 34
4  无线电干扰及可听噪声 36
4.1  架空输电线路的电晕现象 36
4.1.1  电晕放电 36
4.1.2  导线表面电场强度的计算 36
4.1.3  导线表面起晕场强 37
4.1.4  电晕效应 38
4.2  架空输电线路的无线电干扰 39
4.2.1  无线电干扰产生机理及统计分布特性 39
4.2.2  架空输电线路无线电干扰计算 39
4.2.3  影响无线电干扰的主要因素及降低措施 41
4.2.4  架空输电线路无线电干扰的限值 41
4.3  可听噪声 43
4.3.1  可听噪声的物理量度和相关定义 43
4.3.2 可听噪声的计算 44
4.3.3  降低可听噪声的措施 45
4.3.4  架空输电线路可听噪声限值 46
5  结论 47
致  谢 48
参考文献 49