基于EMTP的输电线路故障测距仿真研究

论文编号:DQ272   论文字数:20168,页数:43

摘要

 高压架空线路的准确故障测距是从技术上保证电网安全、稳定和经济运行的重要举措之一，具有巨大的社会和经济效益。长期以来，高压输电线路的准确故障测距受到电网运行和管理部门以及专家学者的广泛重视。
 本文在继承前人大量研究成果的基础上，首先，比较全面的对已有的故障测距方法进行了概述，分析现有的故障测距方法的主要优缺点。其次，基于行波的输电线路双端测距算法只用到了到达故障线路两侧母线的第一个故障初始行波波头，其可靠性高；但行波波速对其定位精度存在一定的影响；实际的波速受到线路参数频变及地理位置、气候等诸多因素的影响；本文介绍了一种双端行波故障测距新方法，该方法利用故障初始行波和反射行波到达线路两端的时刻来进行故障定位，有效降低了行波波速的不确定和输电线路长度差异对定位结果的不利影响，提高了定位精度。接着，利用EMTP进行了仿真计算，仿真结果证明了其准确性。最后，对输电线路故障测距的研究与应用前景进行了展望。
 
关键词：  输电线路，行波，双端故障测距，波速 
 
  
Abstract

 Accurate fault location will lighten the work of seeking for the fault and facilitate quicker repair and restoration to reduce the damages due to stop of power supply, once faults occur on the transmission line. To ensure proper operation of the system, it is of great importance to determine the exact fault location when fault happens. For many years, accurate fault location of high voltage transmission line has been paid much attention to.
 On the basis of a lot of predecessors’ achievement, at first, some existing methods of transmission line fault location are summarized and those methods’ primary merits and disadvantages are analyzed as well. At second, based on the travelling wave, double ended approach only deals with the first transient travelling wave reaching the two buses of the fault line. Although it has higher reliability, its location accuracy can also be affected by the wave speed which will be influenced by such factors as geographical position, climate, line parameter changes because of the frequency variation. A new double terminal method of travelling wave fault location is introduced in this paper, which can effectively lower the influence of travelling wave speed and transmission line arc. The arriving intervals of the travelling wave from the fault location and reflected wave from fault location are recorded, then these intervals and location are used by the new method and the fault location is obtained by avoiding the wave speed and transmission line arc influences. Then, the results of EMTP simulation show that this method is available and accurate. Finally, the prospects in the research and application of fault location algorithms are described.
 
Key words：  Transmission line, travelling waves, double fault location, wave speed

目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
1绪论 - 1 -
1.1 故障测距的作用 - 1 -
1.2 故障测距的基本方法 - 1 -
1.3 故障测距装置的基本要求 - 2 -
1.4 故障测距的研究现状及其发展 - 3 -
1.5 本文的主要工作 - 4 -
2 行波法测距原理及方案选择 - 6 -
2.1 行波的基本概念 - 6 -
2.2 行波源 - 8 -
2.3 行波的反射与折射 - 9 -
2.4 波的衰减和变形 - 12 -
2.5 行波法测距的分类 - 13 -
2.6 几种测距的比较 - 15 -
2.7 方案选择 - 17 -
2.8 本章小结 - 19 -
3 EMTP仿真及其结果 - 20 -
3.1 ATP-EMTP程序介绍 - 20 -
3.2 EMTP仿真 - 23 -
3.3 本章小结 - 34 -
4 总结与展望 - 35 -
4.1 全文总结 - 35 -
4.2 对今后工作的展望 - 35 -
谢辞 - 37 -
参考文献 - 38 -