客车空调操控器

论文编号:DQ312   论文字数:21145,页数:50

摘  要
 近年来，随着私家车数量的急剧增加，道路拥挤状况日益加剧，越来越多的人选择城市公交客车作为他们的出行代步工具。城市公共交通在我国城市交通中占有重要的地位, 是同我国城市居民生产、生活等活动密切相关的系统，而空车的空调系统好坏直接关系到乘客在乘坐时的舒适性。随着国内客车行业的发展，对空调系统的要求日益提高。作为空调系统核心控制部件，对控制器的性能也提出了更高的要求。不仅要求其工作可靠，而且要求外形美观，人机界面友好。Modbus 协议是应用于电子控制器上的一种通用语言。通过此协议，控制器相互之间、控制器经由网络（例如以太网）和其它设备之间可以通信。它已经成为一通用工业标准。有了它，不同厂商生产的控制设备可以连成工业网络，进行集中监控。此协议定义了一个控制器能认识使用的消息结构,而不管它们是经过何种网络进行通信的。它描述了一控制器请求访问其它设备的过程，如何回应来自其它设备的请求，以及怎样侦测错误并记录。它制定了消息域格局和内容的公共格式。将Modbus通信协议作为控制器和空调之间的通信方式，提高了信息传送的正确性，在同等传输速率下可以比其他方式传输更多的信息。

关键词：Modbus、城市公交、客车空调、控制器
Abstract
In recent years, With the number of private cars increased dramatically, road congestion increased dramatically,more and more people select a city bus as their travel tools .Urban public transport in urban transport in China occupy an important position , It has urban residents with the production, life and other activities closely related to the system , and the bus air-conditioning systems have a direct bearing on the passengers in comfort. With the development of domestic industries bus, the demand of air-conditioning systems is increasing. As air-conditioning systems core components control, the performance of the controller also has a higher demand. Its work requires not only reliable, but also for the aesthetic appearance, HMI friendly. Modbus Protocol is a common language used in electronic controller. With this agreement, between controller, controller can communication with other devices  through networks (such as Ethernet).It has become a common industry standards. Different manufacturers'''' control equipment can be connected into industrial networks and centralized monitoring with it. The agreement defines a controller able to use the information structure, regardless of what they are after the communications network. It describes a controller requesting access to the other equipment''''s process, how to respond to the request from other equipment, and how to detect errors and records. It developed a pattern and content of news domain of public format. Modbus communication protocol will be as the means of communication between the air-conditioning and  controller, improve the accuracy of the information transmission, in the same transmission rate could be more than the other way transmission of information.
 
Keywords：Modbus、Urban public transport、Bus air-conditioning、Controller

目  录
摘  要 I
Abstract II
1  绪  论 1
2  系统总体设计介绍 2
2.1汽车空调的工作原理 2
2.2系统功能介绍 3
2.3  系统硬件结构 3
2.4  系统总体软件流程 4
2.5空调操纵器 5
2.5.1 功能 5
2.5.2 技术参数 5
2.5.3 操作按键与显示说明 5
2.5.4 空调操纵器电气接口定义 6
2.6关于空调系统的保护 6
2.6.1蒸发器温度过低保护 6
2.6.2 制冷系统压力保护 6
2.6.3  空调系统制冷重新启动延时保护 7
2.6.4  其它功能 7
2.7 故障代码 7
3  Modbus通信协议 9
3.1  Modbus 协议简介 9
3.1.1  在Modbus网络上转输 9
3.1.2  在其它类型网络上转输 9
3.1.3  查询—回应周期 10
3.2  两种传输方式 11
3.3  Modbus消息帧 12
3.4  错误检测方法 14
3.5  Modbus功能码 16
4  PIC16F690单片机 22
4.1  PIC16F877系统硬件概况 22
4.1.1  内核及外围模块 22
4.1.2  内核结构的特点 23
4.1.3  存储器寻址方式 23
4.1.4  中断机制 23
4.2  数据EEPROM和闪存程序存储器控制 24
4.3  增强型通用同步/异步收发器（EUSART） 25
4.4 定时器 26
4.4.1  定时器0 26
4.4.2  定时器1 27
4.4.3  定时器2 27
5 硬件功能模块及软件介绍 28
5.1  主要硬件功能模块简介 28
5.1.1  MAX485 28
5.1.2  DC/DC变换功能芯片34063 29
5.2  软件设计 31
5.2.1 Modbus主从式多机通信协议 31
6  sk变频器简介 35
6.1  参数信息 36
6.1.1  参数x.00 36
6.1.2 参数类型 36
6.1.3  32位参数 36
6.1.4  变频器复位 36
7  系统的调试 38
7.1  操控器功能部分的调试 38
7.1.1  调试过程 38
7.1.2  调试结果 38
7.1.3  发现的问题 38
7.2  SK 变频器（220V）测试结果及说明 38
8 总 结 41
致谢 42
参考文献： 43
附录  系统原理图及PCB图 44