电力系统故障分析及故障测距

论文编号:ZD1377  论文字数:9040,页数:22

论文题目：电力系统故障分析及故障测距

摘  要
 电力系统是由发电机、变压器、电力线路和负荷组成的，用来完成电能的生产、传输、分配和消费的各种电气设备按一定的方式连成的整体。在电力系统的运行过程中，不可避免地会出现故障。尽管故障出现的几率很小，持续的时间也不长，但产生的后果却往往十分严重。因此对电力系统故障分析和故障测距是一个很重要的环节。
 当电力系统发生故障时会引起以下几种情况：（1）连接短路点与电源的电气设备中的电流急剧增大。（2）故障点四周电气设备上的电压降低，而且距故障点的电气距离越近，电压下降越快，甚至降为零。（3）使电力系统运行的稳定性遭到破坏。（4）线路始端电压与电流间的比值，即测量阻抗将发生变化。正由于短路会产生十分严重的后果，因而引起了高度重视。除尽量消除导致短路的原因外，还应在短路故障发生后及时采取措施，尽量减少短路造成的损失，如采用继电保护将故障隔离，在合适的地点装设电抗器以限制短路电流，采用自动重合闸消除瞬时故障使系统尽快恢复正常等。
 
关 键 词：发电机；变压器；故障分析；故障测距

Abstract
 Electric power system is composed of generator, transformer, power line and load components, used for electricity production, transmission, distribution and consumption of a variety of electrical equipment in a certain manner as a whole. In power system operation process, will inevitably fails. Despite the failure probability is very small, the duration is not long, but the consequences are often very serious. The fault analysis of power system and fault location is a very important link.
 When a fault of an electric power system will cause the following situations: ( 1) connected with the short circuit and a power supply of the electrical equipment in current increases rapidly. ( 2) the fault point around electrical equipment voltage drop, but from the point of failure of the electrical distance is, the voltage drop more quickly, and even down to zero. ( 3) so that the power system stability is destroyed. ( 4) a circuit starting end of voltage and current of the ratio between the measured impedance changes will occur. Is due to a short circuit would have severe consequences, thus caused the high attention. In addition to eliminate the cause short-circuit reason, still should be in short circuit fault happens to take timely measures to minimize losses, short circuit, such as the use of protective relaying fault isolation, at the right place install reactor to limit the short circuit current, the automatic reclosing of eliminating instantaneous fault makes the system back to normal as soon as possible.

Key words: generator; transformer; fault analysis; fault location

目  录
摘  要 1
Abstract 2
目  录 3
前 言 1
第一章  电力系统的基本概念 2
1.1 电力系统的组成和接线方式 2
1.1.1 电力系统基本概念 2
1.1.2电力系统的组成 2
1.1.3 电力系统的主接线方式 3
2.2 电力系统故障产生的原因 6
3.3 电力系统故障计算的目的 7
第三章 电力系统故障的分析计算 8
3.1由无限大功率电源供电的三相对称电路 8
3.1.1 短路暂态分析过程 8
3.1.2 短路冲击电流和最大有效值电流 9
3.1.3无限大功率系统短路电流计算 10
3.2由有限大功率电源供电的三相对称电路 11
第四章 电力系统故障测距与计算 12
4.1 电力系统故障测距概述 12
4.2 电力系统故障测距的要求 12
4.3 电力系统故障测距计算的基本方法 13
4.3.1 单端测距 13
4.3.2 双端测距 13
总 结 17
致 谢 18
参考文献 19