基于CAN总线技术的温室环境监控系统设计

论文编号:ZD1134    论文字数:29760,页数:57

摘   要
 温室是用来栽培植物的重要设施组成部分，国内外温室种植业的实践经验表明，提高温室的自动控制和管理水平可充分发挥温室农业的高效性。随着传感技术，计算机技术及通讯技术的迅猛发展，现代化温室信息自动采集及智能控制系统的开发已成为目前设施农业的一个研究热点。
 本文在查阅大量国内外参考文献的基础上，概述了温室在国内外的发展历史以及发展现状。介绍了国内外温室测控装置的发展动态和发展方向，并且根据温室内影响作物生长的环境因子，即温度、湿度、光照和二氧化碳等环境的条件、控制特点和控制方法，提出了适合本系统的环境因子控制方案。
 在基于CAN总线技术上，本文设计了温度、湿度、光照强度和二氧化碳浓度等因子的控制系统。传感器检测出来的信号传输给单片机进行数据处理，通过CAN总线实现对环境因子的测量与控制。温室环境对实时响应和实时处理能力都有较高的要求。基于这一特点，从低成本角度出发，提出了基于植物生理信息数据库的CAN控制器温室环境监控系统，并就其软硬件设计做了比较详细的分析，本文重点介绍了温室环境监控系统的硬件。论述了在温室环境各参数调控中，系统具有性能稳定、价格适中的特点；指出了其应用前景。
 在电器硬件方面以及执行机械机构上采用简单可靠地构件。介绍了各部分的设计思想、原理电路以及抗干扰方法，并且给出了系统总硬件原理图；另外，在满足系统设计要求的前提下，尽可能选用价格低、功耗低的元器件，达到降低系统成本的目的。
 最后，对设计进行了总结，介绍了本文完成的主要工作，说明了本文的特点和意义，同时，指出了系统设计的不足和改进思路，为今后课题的进一步研究打下了基础。
 
 关键词：温室环境  监控系统  传感器  CAN总线  
 
Abstract
 The greenhouse is uses for the cultivated plant the critical facility constituent, the domestic and foreign greenhouse crop production''s experience indicated that enhances the greenhouse the automatic control and the management level may display the greenhouse agriculture fully highly effective. Along with the sensing technology, the computer technology and mechanics of communication''s rapid development, modernized greenhouse information automatic gathering and the intelligent control system''s development has become the present facility agriculture a research hot spot.
 This article in the consult massive domestic and foreign reference''s foundation, has outlined the greenhouse in the domestic and foreign historical development as well as the development present situation. Introduced the domestic and foreign greenhouse observation installment development tendency and the development direction, and affects the environment factor which according to the greenhouse in the crops grow, namely environment and so on temperature, humidity, illumination and carbon dioxide conditions, the control characteristic and the control method, proposed suits this system''s environment factor control plan.
 In based on the CAN bussing technique, this article has designed factor and so on temperature, humidity, strength of illumination and carbon dioxide density control systems. The sensor examines the signaling carries on the data processing to the monolithic integrated circuit, realizes through the CAN main line to the environment factor survey and the control. The greenhouse environment has the high request to the real-time response and real-time processing ability. Based on this characteristic, from low cost angle embarking, proposed based on the plant physiology information database''s CAN controller greenhouse environment supervisory system, and made the quite detailed analysis on its software and hardware design, this article introduced the greenhouse environment supervisory system''s hardware with emphasis. Elaborated in the greenhouse environment various parameters regulation, the system has the stable property, the moderate cost the characteristic; Has pointed out its application prospect.
 Uses simply reliably the component on the electric appliance hardware aspect as well as the execution mechanical organization. Introduced various part of design concept, the schematic circuit as well as the antijamming method, and has given the system total hardware schematic diagram; Moreover, in satisfies the system design request under the premise, selects the price to be low as far as possible, the power loss low primary device, achieves reduces the system cost the goal.
 Finally, to designed has carried on the summary, introduced this article completed the prime task, showed this article characteristic and the significance, simultaneously, had pointed out system design''s insufficiency and the improvement mentality, have built the foundation for the next topic''s further research.
 
KEY WORDS: Greenhouse environment, supervisory and control system, sensor, CAN bus
 
目   录
摘   要 i
Abstract ii
目   录 iv
第一章  绪论 1
1.1  设计背景 1
1.2  国内外研究现状 2
1.3  温室测控装置的类型和发展趋势 3
1.3.1  目前采用的控制装置 3
1.3.2  控制装置的发展趋势 5
1.4   现场总线CAN技术简介 6
1.4.1  现场总线CAN的引入 6
1.4.2  CAN技术简介 6
1.5  设计的目的与内容 7
1.6  本章小结 7
第二章 温室环境监控系统的总体设计方案 9
2.1  温室环境各因子的分析 9
2.1.1  光照强度因子 9
2.1.2  湿度因子 10
2.1.3  温度因子 10
2.1.4  二氧化碳因子 11
2.2  温室环境各因子的控制方式 12
2.2.1  光照因子控制 12
2.2.2  湿度控制 12
2.2.3  温度控制 13
2.2.4  二氧化碳浓度的控制 14
2.3 温室环境控制系统整体设计 14
2.3.1  工作过程简述 14
2.3.2 系统结构 15
2.3.3  现场智能测控节点整体电路的设计 17
2.4 本章小结 18
第三章  温室环境监控系统硬件电路设计 19
3.1  传感器的选型与应用 19
3.1.1  光照强度传感器 19
3.1.2  湿度传感器 21
3.1.3  温度传感器 23
3.1.4  二氧化碳浓度传感器 25
3.2  单片机系统设计 27
3.3  CAN接口设计 29
3.4  系统其它主要功能设计 30
3.5  输出电路设计 31
3.6  系统软件设计 32
3.7  本章小结 33
第四章  控制算法设计 34
4.1  PID控制算法设计 34
4.1.1   模拟PID控制器 34
4.1.2   数字PID控制器 35
4.1.3   增量式PID控制算法 36
4.2  本章小结 38
第五章  监控系统驱动和执行机构的设计 39
5.1   控制光照执行机构设计 39
5.1.1 遮阳网系统 39
5.1.2  照明补光装置 39
5.2   温度控制执行机构设计 40
5.2.1  暖风机加温 40
5.2.2  湿帘风机降温 40
5.3   湿度控制执行机构设计 40
5.4  二氧化碳浓度控制执行机构设计 40
5.4.1  侧窗/天窗开闭装置设计 40
5.4.2   二氧化碳的增施 41
5.5  继电器输出与驱动设计 42
5.6  本章小结 42
第六章 总结和展望 43
6.1结论 43
6.2不足与展望 43
参考文献 45
致   谢 47
附录 48