基于S7－200系列PLC控制交通信号灯的研究设计

论文编号:ZD1361  论文字数:14093,页数:33

论文题目：基于S7-200系列PLC的交通信号灯控制系统设计
摘　要
 
 
 城市交通信号控制是通过对交通流量的调节以达到改善人和货物的安全运输，以提高运营效率。交通系统是一个具有随机性、模糊性和不确定性的复杂系统，建立数学模型非常困难，有时甚至无法用现有的数学方法加以描述。目前大多采用的是定时信号控制，很难得到满意的效果。而模糊控制是一种无须建立数学模型的控制方法，它能模仿有经验的交警指挥交通时的思路，达到很好的控制效果。本文实现基于PLC的交通信号的模糊控制系统进行初步探讨与设计。
 本文根据车流量来决定信号灯配时的模糊控制系统的研究设计，用PLC实现单个十字路口交通信号灯模糊控制的方法。以单个十字路口4相位交通灯为例，把PLC作为一个模糊控制器，采用顺序图和梯形图编程，通过模拟实验保证系统运行稳定可靠，并根据不同的交通流量进行模糊控制决策，优化信号灯的配时，从而可以有效的解决交通流量不均衡、不稳定带来的问题。
 本文在分析了交通控制国内现状的基础上，说明了本论文的现实意义，简单介绍模糊控制理论的有关知识，详细论述实行模糊控制所要采用的方法、技术及现有线路所要做的基本工作等，详尽描述了交通指示灯的PLC控制系统硬件配置并作出模拟实验。
 
 关 键 词：城市交通；信号灯；模糊控制；PLC
 
 论文类型：设计报告
 
 
 Title: Traffic lights control system designs based on S7-200 the series PLC
ABSTRACT
   
 
 The municipal transportation signal control is through achieves to the traffic flow adjustment improves the person and the cargo safe transportation, raises the operation efficiency. The transportation system is one has randomness, the fuzziness and the uncertainty complicated system, establishes the mathematical model to be difficult, sometimes even is unable with the existing mathematical method to describe. At present what mostly uses is the timing signal control, very difficult to obtain satisfaction effect. But the fuzzy control is one kind does not need to establish the mathematical model the control method, it can imitate the experienced traffic police directs when the traffic the mentality, achieves the very good control effect. This article realizes based on the PLC traffic signal fuzzy control system carries on the preliminary discussion and the design.
 This article according to the traffic flow magnitude to decide that the signal light timing the fuzzy control system''s research design, realizes the single intersection street-traffic control lights fuzzy control method with PLC. Take the single intersection 4 phase traffic lights as the example, takes a fuzzy controller PLC, uses the smooth chart and the trapezoidal chart programming, through modelling guarantee system movement stable reliable, and carries on the fuzzy control decision-making according to the different traffic flow, optimizes signal light''s timing, thus may the effective solution traffic flow imbalanced, not be unstable the question which brings.
 This article in has analyzed in the traffic control domestic present situation foundation, explained the key job which present paper''s practical significance, the simple introduction fuzzy control theory''s related knowledge, the detailed elaboration implements the fuzzy control to use the method which, the technology and the existing line needs to do and so on, described the transportation indicating lamp''s PLC control system hardware to dispose and to make the modelling exhaustively.

KEY WORDS: Municipal transportation, Signal light, Fuzzy control, PLC

TYPE OF THESIS: The design reports

 
目  录
1 绪论 1
1.1 课题的背景及意义 1
1.2 课题设计的相关技术的现状 1
1.3 本文的主要工作 2
2 十字路口信号灯控制的基本理论和方法 3
2.1 车辆的存在与通过的检测 3
2.1.1 感应线圈 3
2.1.2 传感器的铺设 3
2.2 课题选用的PLC介绍 4
2.2.1 硬件特点 5
2.2.2 编程软件与接口电缆 6
 2.3 交通灯控制方式 7
 2.3.1 控制系统的组成 7
2.3.2 车流量的计量  9
2.3.3 交通信号的控制方式  9
3 交通信号灯的模糊控制 13
3.1 控制理论的发展与模糊控制理论的提出 13
3.1.1 概念 13
 3.1.2 变量选择与论域分割 14
 3.1.3 模糊控制规则 14
 3.2 模糊化方法的选择与确定 15
3.2.1 路口车辆数的模糊化 15
3.2.2 模糊规则的设计 16
3.2.3 模糊推理算法与解模糊 16
4 基于PLC的模糊控制系统的设计实现 19
4.1 基于S7-200的PLC硬件接线 19
 4.2 交通信号灯控制策略 20
5 结论与展望 23
致    谢 25
参考文献 27
附    录 29