基于SOPC技术的多功能信号发生器设计

论文编号:ZD990    论文字数:21876,页数:52

摘  要
 函数发生器作为一种常用的信号源，是现代测试领域内应用最为广泛的通用仪器之一。它可以产生多种波形信号，如正弦波，三角波，方波等，因而广泛用于通信、雷达、导航、宇航等领域。
 嵌入式系统是当今最热门的概念之一，是当前电子技术发展的又一新热点。论文紧跟嵌入式系统发展趋势，采用一种新的嵌入式系统设计技术-SOPC(可编程片上系统)技术进行任意函数信号发生器的开发。SOPC是可编程技术发展到一定阶段的必然产物，Altera公司于2000年首次提出SOPC概念，随之开发出了Nios系列嵌入式软核CPU。
 本设计首先介绍了函数波形发生器的研究背景和DDS的理论。然后详尽地叙述了用EP1C6T144完成DDS模块的设计过程，这是本设计的基础。接着分析了整个设计中应处理的问题，根据设计原理就功能上进行了划分，将整个仪器功能划分为控制模块、外围硬件、FPGA器件三个部分来实现。然后就这三个部分分别详细地进行了阐述。最后，通过系列实验，详细地说明了本设计的功能、性能、实现和实验结果。并结合在设计中的一些心得体会，提出了本设计中的一些不足和改进意见。通过实验说明，本设计达到了预定的要求，并证明了采用软硬件结合，利用DDS技术实现函数波形发生器的方法是可行的。
 
关键词：SOPC，DDS，信号发生器，NIOS II

 ABSTRACT
The general signal source, represented by function generator, is wildly used in the modern testing field. Given the abilities of generating all kinds of wave signals ,such as sine wave , triangle wave,square wave and so on.Therefore, it has been widely used in the domains of communication ,radar ,navigation ,etc.
Embedded system is one of the poppest concept，and also another hot spot in the development of today''s electronical technology．The thesis follows on the heels of the trend of embedded system development ,and employs a new technology of embedded system design—SOPC technology, which is applied to the research of a signal generator．SOPC is an inevitable result of programmable technique developing. Altera Corporation first refered to the concept of SOPC in 2000.Afterwards,it developed Nios soft-wore processor．
In this paper ,the principle of DDS and basis of EDA technology is introduced firstly. Then the master chips are introduced .They are the base of the design. The problems met in the design are analyzed and the whole function is partitioned into three parts: master chip, FPGA device and peripheral hardware. The three parts are described in detail independently. Finally the function,  performance, realization, and experiment results are introduced in detail through some experiments. The disadvantage and things need to advance are also listed. Through an experiment , it is testified that the design meets the requirement planed and the way to use software and hardware programming method and DDS technology to realize Functional Waveform Generator is available.
Keywords：SOPC，DDS，signal generator，FPGA

目 录
摘要………………………………………………………………………………………....II
1  绪 论…………………………………………………………………………………...1
1.1  课题背景…………………………………………………………………………..1
1.2  波形发生器的发展状况…………………………………………………………..1
1.3  国内外波形发生器产品比较……………………………………………………..3
1.4  研究波形发生器的目的及意义…………………………………………………..3
1.5  本设计研究的主要内容…………………………………………………………..4
2  直接频率合成技术…………………………………………………………………..5
2.1  DDS的原理和结构……………………………………………………………5
2.2  DDS的优点和缺点……………………………………………………………….8
 2.2.1  DDS的优点……………………………………………………………….8
 2.2.2  DDS的缺点……………………………………………………………….9
3  SOPC技术与Nios II处理器……………………………………………………..10
3.1  SOPC技术介绍………………………………………………………………….10
3.2  Nios II处理器简介……………………………………………………………....11
4  DDS信号发生器的设计基础…………………………………………………….13
4.1  Quartus II开发软件……………………………………………………………...13
4.2  Cyclone器件概述………………………………………………………………..13
4.3  VHDL硬件描述语言……………………………………………………………13
4.5  设计方法…………………………………………………………………………14
5  DDS信号发生器的软硬件设计…………………………………………………15
5.1  设计方案…………………………………………………………………………15
5.2  系统硬件电路设计………………………………………………………………18
6   NIOS II软核设计与DDS子系统……………………………………………..27
6.1  NIOS II软核设计………………………………………………………………..27
6.2  DDS子系统设计………………………………………………………………...32
7   系统调试………………………………………………………………….….37
7.1  硬件调试…………………………………………………………………………37
7.2  软件调试…………………………………………………………………………38
7.3  系统测试………………………………………………………………………....39
8 总结……………………………………………………………………………………..42
8.1性能特点…………………………………………………………………………...42
8.2待改进之处………………………………………………………………………...42
致谢……………………………………………………………………………………..44
参考文献………………………………………………………………………….........45
附录A  VHDL语言程序……………………………………………………………………46
附录 B 工程顶层设计图…………………………………………………………………..49