基于单片机的LCD电子时钟设计

论文编号:ZD1148    论文字数:14164,页数:47

摘    要
 单片机,是集CPU ,RAM ,ROM ,计数和多种接口于一体的微控制器。自20世纪70年代问世以来，以其极高的性能价格比，受到人们的重视和关注。它体积小、重量轻、抗干扰能力强、环境要求不高、价格低廉、可靠性高、灵活性好、开发较为容易，广泛应用于智能生产和工业自动化上。     本课题通过MCS-51单片机来设计电子时钟，采用汇编语言进行编程，可以实现以下一些功能：小时，分，秒和年，月，的显示、定时报警功能。本次设计的电子时钟系统由时钟电路，LCD显示电路，定时报警电路，按键调整电路四部分组成。51单片机通过软件编程，在LCD1602液晶屏上实现小时，分，秒和年，月，的显示；利用时钟芯片DS1302来实现计时，定时功能；通过两个按键开关，一个用于时钟的调节，一个用于闹钟的调节，来实现参数设置和调节功能；到达设置的闹钟时间时，由蜂鸣器发声，起报警作用。本次设计的电子时钟，经过对比测试，发现实际计时的走时精度较高，可满足多种场合的应用需求。     本文详细介绍了AT89C51单片机的基本原理，分析了AT89C51各个管脚的功能及它在设计电路中的作用。本文论述了LCD1602液晶屏和时钟芯片DS1302的工作原理及其软件设计过程。 关键词：单片机 电子时钟 时钟芯片
 
Abstract
 The single-chip microcomputer, collects CPU, RAM, ROM, the counting and many kinds of connections in a body. It has been published since the 70''s of 20th century and has high performance, so it attracts lots of people’s attention.Its volume is small，the weight is light，the capacity of resisting disturbance is strong，the environmental challenge is not high，the price is not expensive and the development is easy,for that,it is widely used in the intelligent production and the industrial automation.
 This topic designs the electronic clock through the MCS-51 single-chip microcomputer and the assembly language is adopted in this design. The electronic clock can achieve these functions: display the hour, the minute, the second and the year, the month, the date, alarm in the fixed time. The system of the electronic clock is composed of the LCD display circuit, the clock circuit,the parameter circuit and the timing warning circuit.In order to display the hour, the minute, the second and the year, the month, the date in the LCD1602, it use the software assembler;it makes use of the clock chip DS1302 to achieve the functions of accounting and timing;it has two keyswitches,one is used to control time parameter and the other is used to set up the alarm clock;when the time is reach the set-up time,the buzzer sends out the sound which can react the effect of alarm.The design of the electronic clock, which contrasts to the home-use clock,we can find that the time keeping performance is good.For that, the electronic clock is suitable for many occasions.
 We can learn the basic principles of the AT89C51 from this text.It is good for us to realize the function of the base pins and the function in the circuit.This article also discourses the working principles of the LCD1602 and the clock chip DS1302,we can understand their software design procedure from this passage.
 Key words：single-chip Microcomputer；electronical clock；Timepiece chip
目  录
摘    要 I
Abstract II
目  录 III
第一章  绪 论 1
1.1  引言 1
1.2  系统任务与实现 1
1.3  芯片的选择 2
1.3.1  单片机的选择 3
1.3.2  时间芯片的选择 3
1.3.3  显示器的选择 4
第二章  AT89C51单片机介绍 5
2.1  AT89C51简介 5
2.2  AT89C51的主要特性 6
2.3  AT89C51的管脚说明 6
2.4  AT89C51振荡器特性 8
2.5  AT89C51的芯片擦除功能 8
第三章  时间芯片DS1302介绍 9
3.1  DS1302的结构及工作原理 9
3.1.1  引脚功能及结构 9
3.1.2  DS1302的控制字节 10
3.1.3  数据输入输出(I/O) 10
3.1.4  DS1302的寄存器 10
3.2  DS1302实时显示时间的硬件 11
3.3  DS1302的实际应用 11
第四章  硬件设计 12
4.1  电子时钟系统的结构 12
4.1.1  中央处理单元 12
4.1.2  时钟部分 12
4.1.3  LCD液晶显示部分 12
4.1.4  报警部分 12
4.1.5  按键设置部分 13
4.2  硬件电路总体设计 13
4.3  时钟电路 14
4.4  LCD液晶显示电路 14
4.4.1  LCD1602简介 14
4.4.2  字符显示 15
4.4.3  与单片机的接口 17
4.5  报警电路 18
4.6  按键设置电路 19
第五章  软件设计 20
5.1  系统主程序 20
5.2 显示部分程序 21
5.3  按键部分程序 21
第六章  系统调试与性能分析 23
第七章  结 论 25
致 谢 26
参考文献 27
附录一： 28
附录二： 30