基于单片机直流伺服电机系统设计

论文编号:ZD1136    论文字数:14115,页数:35

摘     要
    当今,自动化控制系统已经在各行各业得到了广泛的应用和发展，而直流驱动控制作为电气传动的主流在现代化生产中起着主要作用。直流电动机具有良好的起动、制动性能, 宜于在大范围内平滑调速, 在许多需要调速或快速正反向的电力拖动领域中得到了广泛的应用。
 本文设计的是一套基于PIC单片机控制直流伺服电机的系统。论文根据系统的要求完成了整体方案设计和系统选型，针对所设计的控制方案对控制系统的软、硬件设计作了详细论述。硬件部分先作了整体设计，然后介绍了以PIC16F877A单片机为核心的硬件构成，对键盘电路、串行通信电路、测量电路和显示电路等作了详细阐述；软件部分采用模块化设计思想，编制了各个模块的流程图，实现了对直流电动机转动参数的设置、下载、启动、停止、加速、减速和显示等功能。利用PIC系列芯片进行低成本直流电动机控制系统的设计，能够简化系统构成、降低系统成本、增强系统性能、满足更多应用场合的需要。
 针对直流电机运行环境恶劣、干扰严重的特点，从系统的硬件设计、软件设计等多方面进行抗干扰的综合考虑，并利用多种软件和硬件技术来提高和改善系统的抗干扰能力，有效地提高了系统的可靠性和实用性。
 
关键词：直流伺服电机  单片机  多级调速系统

Abstract
 Today, the automated control system have been widely used and developed in all walks of life, and the direct current(DC) driven control plays a major role in the modern production as the mainstream of electrical transmission. DC Motors has a good start, the brake performance, the desirability of smoothing the governor, it has been widely used in many pros and cons of the need to speed quickly or drag in the field of electricity.
 This graduation dissertation design a system which controls the DC motor based on PIC. The graduation dissertation complete the overall design and selection system according to the requirements of this system, and discusses the control system＇s software design and hardware design in detail against this control system. First, this graduation dissertation have the overall design for the part of hardware, then on to PIC16F877A microcontroller as the core of the hardware, and have a describe in detail for the keyboard circuit, serial communication circuits, measuring circuit and display circuit, and so on; the part of software is modular in design thinking, prepared a flow chart of the various modules, and procure the DC motor rotation parameters set up, download, start, stop, speed up, slow down and display capabilities. Apply the PIC chip for DC motor control system designed to simplify the system composition; it can lower system cost and enhancing system performance, to meet the needs of more applications
  In connection with DC motor characteristics which a poor environment and serious interference, to consider a comprehensive anti-jamming from the hardware design, software design, and enhance and improve the ability of anti-jamming system that use a variety of software and hardware technology, that has effectively improved the system''s reliability and practicality

Keywords：DC servo motor; MicroController Unit; Multi-Speed Control System
目  录
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目录 iii
第一章     绪论 1
1.1  研究动机与目的 1
1.2  研究背景 1
1.3  研究方法与系统描述 3
   1.3.1  研究方法 3
1.3.2  系统描述 4
1.4  论文內容概述 4
第二章     系统方案设计 5
2.1  系统总体方案 5
2.2   系统选型 6
2.2.1  单片机选型 6
2.2.2  直流电机选型 7
2.2.3  伺服驱动器选型 8
2.2.4  光电编码器选型 9
2.2.5  显示驱动芯片选型 10
第三章     硬件电路设计 11
3.1   矩阵键盘输入电路 11
3.2   电源电路 12
3.3   显示驱动电路 12
3.4   显示电路 13
3.4.1  LED介绍 13
3.4.2  显示方式选择 14
  3.5   测量电路设计 14
3.5.1  光电编码器 14
3.5.2  整形变相电路 15
 3.6   复位和时钟电路 16
3.7   PWM控制电路 17
3.8   PC机串行接口电路 18
第四章     系统软件设计 19
     4.1   系统主程序 19
 4.2   延时子程序 20
 4.3   键盘扫描子程序 21
 4.4   按键查询子程序 22
 4.5   电机运行子程序 24
 4.6   PWM控制程序 24
 4.7   键盘设置参数子程序 25
 4.8   转速测量子程序 26
 4.9   16位二进制向4位BCD码转换子程序 27
结论 29
参考文献 30
致谢 31
附录A        部分程序代码
 电路原理图
 电路PCB板