基于可容错串行通讯的电机控制系统的研发（下位机）

论文编号:ZD967    论文字数:13835,页数:36

摘  要
 随着时间的推移，计算机革命的完成，信息高速公路的飞速发展，工业生产已经和自动化控制密不可分了。二十世纪八十年代以来，国际上单片机发展迅速，单片机应用不断深入，新技术层出不穷。单片机的应用技术是一项相对较新的工程技术，其内涵随着单片机的发展而发展。在电机控制方面，单片机不仅发挥了体积小，易于控制等优势，而且价格也比其它微控制器或PC机低廉。单片机的另一优势，就是可以嵌入到各种仪器、设备中，这一点是巨型机和网络所难以做到的。本设计的可容错串行通讯的电机控制系统下位机部分，该设计既能单独对直流电机实现启/停、加/减速、故障报错等功能，也可通过接受上位PC机指令来完成以上功能。此系统不仅发挥了单片机体积小，价格低廉，更切合底层控制等优势，也弥补了单片机系统人机界面相对简单，较难进行大量数据相对复杂的运算，具有一定的实用价值。

关键词：单片机、串行通讯、PC机、直流电机

Abstract
Over time, the completion of the computer revolution, the rapid development of information highway, industrial control and automation of production has been closely linked. Since the eighties the twentieth century, the rapid development of the international single-chip, single-chip applications in depth, an endless stream of new technologies. Application of single-chip technology is a relatively new engineering technology, with its connotations of the development of SCM. In motor control, the single chip not only played a small, easy to control, superiority, and the price than any other micro-controller or PC-low. Another advantage of single-chip, that is, can be embedded into a variety of apparatus, equipment, supercomputers and it is difficult network. The design of fault-tolerant serial communication system of the motor control part of digital machines, the design of the DC motor can achieve alone on / off, increase / reduce speed, fault error functions, but also through the acceptance of PC-PC to complete the above instructions function. This system not only played a small single-chip, low cost, more in line with the bottom edge control, but also to make up for the single-chip systems are relatively simple man-machine interface, it is rather difficult to carry out a large amount of data is relatively complex operations, has a certain practical value.

Keywords：Microcontroller, serial communication, PC machines, DC motors

目录
摘  要 II
1  绪 论 1
1.1  研究背景 1
1.2  研究任务与目标 2
2 硬件设计 3
2.1 主要器件简介 3
2.1.1  单片机AT89C51 3
2.1.2　PWM电机调速介绍 5
2.1.3　PWM控制原理 6
2.1.4  IGBT介绍 7
2.1.5  EXB841介绍 12
2.1.6  max232资料简介 16
2.1.7  TTL电平、CMOS电平、RS232电平 16
2.1.8  电平的转换 18
2.2 系统各单元电路组成及原理分析 19
2.2.1 电源模块的制作 19
2.2.2 驱动模块 20
2.2.3 电机整流电路 21
2.2.4 按键模块及LED显示模块 22
2.2.5 单片机复位和时钟电路 24
2.2.6 复位状态和复位电路设计 24
3　软件设计 26
3.1　主要程序设计思路 26
3.1.1  主程序流程图 26
3.1.2　PWM发生程序流程图 27
3.1.3  键处理流程图 28
4 结论 29
致 谢 30
参考文献 31