太阳能镍氢电池充电器的设计

论文编号:ZD1079    论文字数:14213,页数:36

摘  要

 随着经济的不断快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,人类对能源的需求不断的加大。传统能源给社会带来两类问题:一类是能源危机；二类是环境污染。目前全世界目光都投向了可再生能源,希望能够利用可再生能源改变人类的能源结构来维持长远的可持续发展。太阳能因其独有的优势而成为人们重视的焦点。丰富的太阳辐射能是重要的能源。太阳辐射能是人类取之不尽用之不竭的可再生能源,是一种绿色清洁能源,无地域之分、无环境污染、人类能够自由利用的能源。在有效利用当中,大阳能光电利用是近些年来最具活力，发展最快的研究领域。
 人们利用太阳能已经有3000多年的历史。300多年前才开始将太阳能作为一种能源和动力加以利用。近几年国际上光伏发电快速发展，世界上已经建成了10多座兆瓦级光伏发电系统，6个兆瓦级的联网光伏电站。美国是最早制定光伏发电的发展规划的国家并在1997年提出“百万屋顶”计划。日本在1992年启动了新阳光计划，到了 2003年的时候日本光伏组件生产占世界的50%，世界前10大厂商其中4家是日本的。德国是继日本之后世界光伏发电发展最快的国家。其新可再生能源法规定了光伏发电上网电价，大大推动了光伏市场和产业发展。瑞士、意大利、法国、西班牙、芬兰等国，也纷纷制定光伏发展计划，并投入大量资进行技术开发和加速工业化进程。
 如今社会离不开电，各种电器设备利用越来越广泛，需求也越来越大。充电电池应用也愈加普遍。由于能源和环境问题摆在面前，利用清洁能源给电池充电是未来的发展方向。
 本文设计一种利用太阳光辐射能作为动力源加外围控制电路所组成的镍氢电池充电器。太阳能充电控制电路是以将光能直接转化为电能为设计思路,并对镍氢电池的恒流充电控制为目的。当太阳辐射光有足够大时,太阳能充电控制电路系统能够利用太阳能给被充电池进行充电,在充电的同时对被充电池进行监控。系统中设计了保护电路以防止充电电池因为深度过充电所造成自身永久性伤害。该系统可以自己调整所充电池的个数、快速充电的时间、以及涓流充电的电流大小，还能利用改变外部电阻可设定快速充电电流。
 
关键词：太阳能；镍氢电池；充电器

Abstract

 With the rapid development of economy and the continuous improvement of people''s living standards, human demand for energy increasing. Conventional sources of energy to bring two types of questions: One is the energy crisis; the second category is environmental pollution. Eyes into the world of renewable energy, hope to be able to change the use of renewable energy sources of mankind''s energy structure to maintain long-term sustainable development. Because of its unique advantage of solar energy has become the focus of attention. Abundant solar radiation is an important source of energy. Solar radiation in human inexhaustible inexhaustible renewable energy, clean energy is a green, no boundaries, no environmental pollution, free use of human energy. In the effective use of them, Dayang can use in recent years photoelectric most dynamic and fastest-growing areas of research.     It is the use of solar energy has more than 3,000 years of history. More than 300 years ago began as a solar energy and power use. The international arena in recent years the rapid development of photovoltaic power generation, the world has built more than 10 MW of photovoltaic power generation system, 6-megawatt photovoltaic power plant-level networking. United States is the pioneer of photovoltaic power generation and national development planning in 1997 in the "millions of roofs" program. Japan plans to start a new sun in 1992, to Japan in 2003 the production of photovoltaic components accounted for 50% of the world, the world''s top 10 companies of which four are in Japan. Germany is second only to Japan after the world''s fastest-growing photovoltaic country. Its new Renewable Energy Law provides for photovoltaic electricity generation Internet has greatly promoted the development of photovoltaic market and industry. Switzerland, Italy, France, Spain, Finland and other countries, and also the development of photovoltaic development plans, and putting in a lot of funding for technology development and accelerate the process of industrialization.     Now the community can not do without electricity, a variety of more and more extensive use of electrical equipment, demand is growing. Rechargeable batteries are also more general application. As the energy and environmental issues before us, the use of clean energy to the battery charging is the future direction of development.     In this paper, the use of the design of a solar radiation increases as the external power source control circuit which consists of Ni-MH battery charger. Solar charge control circuit is based on the direct conversion of light energy to electrical energy for the design of the nickel-metal hydride battery for the purpose of constant current charge control. When solar radiation there is enough light, the solar charge control circuit system to be able to take advantage of solar energy for charging rechargeable batteries in the charging of rechargeable batteries at the same time on the monitor. System protection circuit designed to prevent the rechargeable batteries have been recharged since the depth of permanent damage caused by their own. The system can adjust the number of rechargeable batteries, fast charging time, as well as the trickle charge current size, but also the use of an external resistor can be set to change the fast charge current.
 
Keywords：Solar Energy； Ni-MH battery ；Chargers

目 录
摘要……………………………………………………………………………. . . ..…………….. Ⅱ
Abstract……………………………………………………………….…….………. . ….………Ⅲ
目 录…………………………………………….……………………….…. .……. .………........... V
1 绪论……………………………………………………………….….….………………………..1
1.1  社会现状……………………………………………….…..…….…. . .…………….……1
1.2  太阳能特点……………………………….…………………. ..…………………….……1
1.3  太阳能利用情况……………………………………….. . . .……………. .………….... ..2
1.4  太阳电池的优点及发展情况……………. .…………………. .…. .……………. . .……2
1.5  设计意义……………………………………………. .…. .…. .…………………. . .……3
2 太阳能板的性能检测……………………………………. .….……………………………. . .4
3  镍氢电池的特性及其充电方式…………………. ..…. ..…………….…………………...7
 3.1  标准…………………………………………. .….……………………………………….7
 3.2  参数………………………………………. .. . .…………………….……………………7
 3.3  充电特性………………………………. ..……………………….………………………8
 3.4  放电特性……………………………. ..…….……………………………………………8
 3.5  充电方式……………………………….….……….……….……………………………10
     3.5.1  普通充电方式…………………..………………. .….…………………………..10
 3.5.1  快速充电方式……………….…….……. .…….………………………………..10
4  现有充电器原理及应用. . .……………….……….. . ……………………………………..12
 4.1  应用一…………………………………. ….……………….……………………………12
 4.2  应用二………………………………….…………….……..……………………………15
5  实际制作充电器的情况……………….…………………. .………………………. . .……16
 5.1  充电器原理图…………………….………………….….………………………………16
 5.1.1 充电器电路原理图…………………….…….………….………………………..16
 5.1.2  充电器PCB原理图………………………………………………………………17
5.2  元器件清单…………………………….….……….….…………………………………17
 5.3  主要元器件分析………………………………….….…….……………………………20
 5.3.1  IRF9540…………………………………….……. ……………………………..20
 5.3.2  MAX712……………………………………………………………………………22
 5.3.3  MBR745………………………………….….………. .…………………………..25
 5.3.4  2N3904 2N3906………………………….………………………………………26
5.4  电路板制作过程…………………………….…….…. . .………………………………27
6  总结……………………………………………….…. . .. …………………………………….29
致谢…………………………………………………. . . . .………………………………………...30
参考文献……………………………………. . .….….………………………………….…….......31