直流电机的PWM系统软件设计

论文编号:ZD1046    论文字数:16776,页数:51

摘  要
 随着电力电子技术的进步,发展了许多新的电枢电压控制方法。PWM控制与传统晶闸管驱动装置比较,具有下列优点:需用的大功率可控器件少,线路简单;调速范围宽;电流波形系数好,附加损耗小;功率因数高。可以广泛应用于现代直流电机系统中。
 本设计是基于PIC单片机实现直流电动机的控制，控制电动机的正向/反向、快速/慢速运转，由单片机输出脉宽调制信号（PWM）驱动电动机并实现正反向的互锁。
 本设计介绍了直流电机结构、特点、种类及励磁方式等；PIC 单片机的优点、结构特点、指令特点等。系统的介绍了PIC16F73单片机芯片，详述了PIC126F73单片机的内部结构，外部引脚，模块功能，寄存器结构、功能、地址等。本文介绍了一种基于PIC16F73单片机的直流电机控制器的设计与实现，该控制器完成调速控制，其中软件实现转子位置检测、旋转磁场信号输出及电机PWM调速。
关键词:PIC单片机;直流电机;PWM
Abstract
 With the progress of power electronics and technological, many new armature voltage control methods are developed . PWM control compared with the traditional SCR drive, has the following advantages:  required less high-power controllable devices, simple circuits; governed wider range; better current waveform and less additional wear and high power factor. It can be widely used in modern DC motor system.
 This design based on the PIC single chip microcomputer to control DC motor, can control motor’s rotation with forward or backward direction and with  high or low speed, the PIC single chip microcomputer output the signal of PWM to drive the motor and  lock the two direction with each other.
 This paper introduced the DC motor structure, characteristics, category and the magnetism create mode etcs; The advantage, structure characteristics, instruction characteristics etc. of the PIC single chip micro computer. The system introduced the chip of PIC16F73, going into detail internal structure ,exterior leads, function modules, registers structure, function, address...etc. of PIC126F73 single chip, in addition view introduce assemble langue. In this paper, a PIC16F73 microcontroller based on the DC motor controller design and implementation of the controller to complete speed control, the rotor position detection software, the rotating magnetic field and the electrical signal output PWM speed control.
Key words: PIC microcontroller; DC motor; PWM

目录
摘  要 I
1  绪论 1
1.1  直流电机电机的发展 1
1.2  PWM技术的发展 2
2  直流电机的工作原理及性能分析 3
2.1  直流电动机 3
2.1.1  电磁式直流电动机 3
2.1.2  永磁式直流电动机 4
2.1.3  无刷直流电动机 4
2.2  直流电机的结构 5
2.3  直流电机的励磁方式 5
2.4  直流电机的控制技术 6
2.4.1  PIC单片机对直流电机的控制原理 7
2.4.2  PWM控制的基本原理和特点 9
2.4.3  PWM调速系统的基本结构与组成 9
2.5  直流电动机的转速反馈 10
2.6  直流电动机转向互锁 11
2.7  直流电机控制器 11
3  PIC单片机 13
3.1  单片机概论 13
3.2  PIC单片机 13
3.2.1  双总线结构 13
3.2.2  两级指令流水线结构 14
4  直流电机的PWM控制系统 15
4.1  系统构成 15
4.2  单片机PIC16F73 15
4.2.1  PIC16F73芯片的结构与功能 15
4.2.2  PIC16F73对直流电动机转速的控制（PWM） 17
4.2.3  PIC16F73的直流电机控制原理 18
4.2.4  PIC16F73对直流电动机的控制 18
4.3  系统软件结构 18
4.4  中断系统 20
4.5  PWM占空比的调整程序 20
5  总结 21
致谢 22
参考文献 23
附录 24