中央空调节能系统设计

论文编号:ZD1075    论文字数:15199,页数:47

摘  要
 中央空调系统是现代大型建筑物不可缺少的配套设施之一，电能的消耗非常大，约占建筑物总电能消耗的50%。实际上在一年中，满负载下运行最多只有十多天，甚至十多个小时，几乎绝大部分时间负载都在70%以下运行。通常中央空调系统中冷冻主机的负荷能随季节气温变化自动调节负载，而与冷冻主机相匹配的冷冻泵、冷却泵却不能自动调节负载，几乎长期在100%负载下运行，造成了能量的极大浪费，也恶化了中央空调的运行环境和运行质量。
 随着变频技术的日益成熟，利用变频器、PLC、数模转换模块、温度传感器等器件的有机结合，构成温差闭环自动控制系统，自动调节水泵的输出流量，达到节能目的提供了可靠的技术条件。
 本文从室内参数的设定、多工况分区、中央空调水循环系统等方面讨论中央空调系统的节能措施及运行，着重设计中央空调水循环系统的节能控制系统。该系统是以松下PLC为控制器，采用PWM脉冲输出与变频技术进行控制，文中对水循环节能系统的软硬件结构进行详尽的介绍，给出了较具体的硬件电路以及软件流程图。

关键词：中央空调、PLC、变频器、温度控制

Abstract
 Central air-conditioning system is one of the indispensable supporting facilities in modern large buildings, of which energy consumption is huge, accounting for about 50% of the total power consumption of buildings. In fact, the system runs under full load only a maximum of more than 10 days a year, or even only more than 10 hours. Most of the time, it runs almost 70% under load. Generally speaking, the load of the frozen host in the central air-conditioning system can automatically adjust with the seasonal temperature changing. While, the frozen pumps and cooling pumps matched with the frozen host can not adjust the load automatically. They almost run 100% under load all the time, which causes a great waste of energy. This situation also deteriorates the environment and quality of operation of central air-conditioning.
 With the increasing maturity of variable frequency technology, the application of frequency converter, PLC, digital-to-analog conversion module and temperature sensor is widely used. The combination of these devices constitutes a system of temperature closed-loop automatic control, which can adjust the output flows of the pump. It offers a reliable technical condition to energy-saving.
 This paper will elaborate from the aspects of indoor parameters setting, status of multi-district, and water circulation system of central air-conditioning to discuss the energy saving facilities and running of the central air-conditioning.The emphases will be put on the energy-saving control system of water circulation in central air-conditioning.The controller of this system  is Panasonic PLC,which uses PWM pulse output with frequency conversion control technology to control.This paper gives a detailed introduction of the hardware and software structures of the water cycle energy-saving system.  The specific hardware circuit and software flow chart are also given in this paper.
Keywords: central air-conditioning, PLC, transducer, temperature control

目 录
摘要 II
Abstract Ⅲ
目 录 Ⅳ
1  绪 论 1
1.1  选题的背景与意义 1
1.2  本文主要研究内容 1
2  系统总体设计方案 2
2.1  系统总体结构 2
2.2  控制系统基本要求 3
3  中央空调系统介绍 4
3.1  中央空调系统简介 4
3.2  中央空调工作原理及主要结构的作用 4
3.3  中央空调现状及研究发展方向 5
3.4  节能的可行性分析 6
4  中央空调节能运行控制 7
4.1  变设定值节能控制 7
4.2  多工况分区节能控制 7
4.2.1  节能多工况分区概述 8
4.2.2  主体工况 8
5  中央空调节能控制系统硬件设计 10
5.1  系统硬件组成 10
5.2  主控系统 11
5.2.1  FPX-C30T 11
5.2.2  主控模块FP-X技术性能参数 11
5.2.3  FPX-C30T的组成结构 17
5.3  温湿度传感器 19
5.4  模拟量采集模块 20
5.4.1  AFPX－EFP0 21
5.4.2   A/D模块 22
5.5  变频器 23
5.5.1  接线方法 24
5.5.2   频率信号外控 24
5.6  系统输入输出接口设计 25
5.7  主控电路设计 26
6  系统软件设计 27
6.1 系统开发环境 27
6.1.1  FPWIN-GR介绍 27
6.2  人机界面设计 28
6.3  控制程序设计 30
6.3.1  自动与手动程序设计 31
6.3.2  故障报警输出程序 32
6.3.3  温度采集程序 32
6.3.4  PID控制程序 33
6.3.5 频率输出程序 35
7  总 结 39
7.1  主要工作成果 39
7.2  存在不足 39
致 谢 40
参考文献 41
附录 42