72万吨年苯乙烯装置合成工段工艺设计

论文编号:HG314   论文字数:17494

摘要
 本设计是以年产72万吨苯乙烯为生产目标,采用苯烷基化生成乙苯后催化脱氢制得苯乙烯的工艺方法。制取乙苯装置工艺流程主要分为烷基化和精馏两个阶段和苯乙烯典型装置工艺流程主要分为脱氢和精馏两个工段，脱氢工段由乙苯蒸发、脱氢反应、工艺凝液处理及汽提尾气压缩吸收三部分组成：精馏工段由乙苯一苯乙烯分离、苯乙烯精馏、乙苯回收、苯、甲苯分离四个部分组成。本设计中的苯乙烯精馏单元采用顺序分离工艺，即粗苯乙烯液先经苯、甲苯塔，将苯、甲苯等轻组分和乙苯、苯乙烯进行分离。根据相关设计要求对整个生产工段进行科学的工艺设计和设备选型。本文主要针对精馏单元的工艺流程进行物料衡算，热量衡算，计算最小回流比和适宜回流比等来确定实际塔板板数和实际进料位置。通过对乙苯-苯乙烯精馏塔的塔径、塔高、塔顶冷凝器、塔釜再沸器等附属设备及相关管件进行尺寸计算及选型。
关键词：苯乙烯 精馏 顺序分离 工艺设计

Abstract
 This design is take yearly produces 740,000 tons styrene as the production goal, after uses the benzene alkylate production ethyl benzene to catalyte the dehydrogenationsystem to result in the styrene the technique.The system takes the ethyl benzene installment technical process mainly to divide into the alkylate and the selective evaporation two stages and the styrene model installment technical process mainly divides into the dehydrogenation and the selective evaporation two construction sections.dehydrogenation section consists of three parts, including ethyl-benzene dehydrogenation reaction:craft, evaporate steam condensate liquids treatment and tail gas compression titus absorption. Distillation sections is made up of four parts, ethyl benzene a styrene separation, syrene distillation, ethylbenzene recovery, benzene, toluene separation. This design of styrene distillation unit adopts sequence separation process, namely coarse styrene fluid first flowing to benzene, toluene tower, then separate light component benzene, toluene, etc and separation ethylbenzene and styrene. According to relevant design requirements for the whole production section process design and selection of equipment scientifically. This article mainly aims at the process of distillation unit materials calculation, heat calculation, to calculate the minimum reflux ratio and appropriate reflux ratio etc to determine the actual tower number plates and actually feeding position. Through the column of ethyl-benzene - styrene, tower diameter and high tower, column top condenser, transformation reboiler tower kettle such ancillary equipment and related fitting for size calculation and selection.
Key words:Styrene distillation  progressive separation  process design

目  录
摘要 III
Abstract IV
1 绪论 1
1.1 苯乙烯介绍 1
1.2 苯乙烯的性质及应用 1
2.苯乙烯的市场分析 3
2.1 市场概况 3
2.2 国外市场分析 3
2.3 国内市场分析 3
2.4 价格竞争力分析 4
2.5 市场预测 4
3 生产流程的选择 6
3.1 主要生产工艺 6
3.2 国内外大型企业采用的生产工艺 6
4 工艺流程设计 8
4.1 反应工艺 8
4.2 分离工艺 13
4.3 工艺流程简图 15
4.4 工艺流程叙述 15
5 物料衡算和热量衡算 17
5.1 全车间的物料衡算 17
5.2 全流程热量衡算 32
5.3  气液负荷计算 33
5.4  乙苯精馏塔的塔径计算 35
5.5  总塔高的计算 36
6 泵的选择 38
6.1泵的设计与选型 38
6.1.1  进料泵的选取 38
6.2 换热器的计算与选型 40
7. 自动控制与优化 42
7.1 主要设备的自动控制与优化 42
8. 公用工程 45
8.1 电气 45
8.2 给排水 45
9  安全防护与环境保护 46
9.1  安全标准 46
9.3  综合利用及三废处理 46
10  厂区布置 47
10.1 厂区划分 47
10.2 生产区 47
11 概预算 48
11.1 生产成本估算 48
12  现存问题 49
符号说明 50
结束语 52
参考文献 53