独立运行光伏发电系统的研究
Research on Stand-alone Photovoltaic Power Systems
【中文摘要】 随着世界经济的高速发展、人口的增长和科技的进步,传统能源的消耗量越来越大,这就带来了一系列能源的耗尽和环境污染问题。太阳能作为一种优越的可再生能源而受到世界各国的重视并具有较大发展潜力。为了进一步提高系统的性能,实现系统的优化及可靠运行,本文研究独立运行光伏发电系统的结构、工作原理和控制策略。相对并网系统,这对于国家正大力发展的西部太阳能资源开发来说是具有现实意义的。首先,本文详细介绍了光伏发电的国内外研究背景,光伏电池的种类、发电原理及输出特性,并介绍了独立运行光伏发电系统的组成、运行原理和应用,在此基础上论述了光伏系统常用的DC/DC变换电路,负载最大功率跟踪(MPPT)的方法等人们普遍关注的问题。融合了上述原理技术,设计一个功率为25W的独立运行光伏发电系统。其次,为减小传统的固定步长的扰动法进行最大功率跟踪的步长大振荡大,步长小跟踪速度慢的缺陷,本文提出了电压自适应最大功率跟踪算法,其原理是引入了不同的步长系数,根据功率变量值的大小,确定合适的控制步长进行电压参考值的给定,并在MATLAB环境下利用Simulink工具搭建模型进行仿真,仿真结果验证了此种跟踪方法具有快速性、稳定...更多性和准确性等优点。最后,搭建硬件电路,通过对电池板的不同安装角度测量得到的数据,得出不同季节在大连地区安装的不同最佳角度值。设计了25W的独立运行光伏发电系统的主电路及其控制电路,包括光伏电池的选择,Boost主电路参数、控制电路部分、驱动电路及其检测电路各模块分别进行了详细的探讨;对独立系统的储能装置蓄电池的充放电电路进行了设计,利用单片机dsPIC30F3011控制电路同时实现了最大功率跟踪和蓄电池的充电电压、放电极限电压及充电电流的控制,可防止过充过放现象的发生,从而实现独立光伏发电系统的可靠运行。
【英文摘要】 With the rapid development of economic,increase of population and progress of science and technology,more and more traditional energy will be on demand,which brings us a series of problems such as energy crisis and environment pollution.As a predominant energy,solar energy has been paid attention to and will be a potential one new energy.In order to improve property and achieve more credible running system,this paper has researched the structure,working principle and control strategy of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) power system.Compared to grid system,it is more practical for solar energy exploiture of western region.Firstly,this paper discusses background of PV at home and abroad in detail,category, principle and output characteristics of PV cell.It mentions the composition of stand-alone PV system and running principle.The problems of we concern about such DC/DC convertor and the maximum power point tracking(MPPT) are discussed.Fused aforementioned technology,a 25W stand-alone PV sy...更多stem is designed.Next,a new adaptive voltage controlling scheme was proposed for MPPT,the coefficient of algorithm is different,the best algorithm based on the size of changed power is changeable. Compared to the traditional controlling algorithm of fixed step size simulation result under MATLAB,the result characteristics of high response speed,accurate and credible are achieved under the new MPPT controlling scheme.Finally,25W hardware circuit is built.From date of PV array under different installed angle,the best installation angle is obtained in Dalian.There is a lot of wok has been done during main circuit and peripheral circuits designed,including choice of PV array,parameter's design of Boost circuit,control circuit,drive circuit and detection circuit;as the energy storage device of stand-alone system,battery's charge and discharge circuit are designed.The charge current and voltage,discharge limited voltage and MPPT are analyzed at the same time by single chip dsPIC30F3011,the phenomenon of over charge and discharge is avoided efficiently and the stability of PV system is achieved.
【中文关键词】 光伏发电; 独立光伏系统; 自适应电压算法; MPPT; 蓄电池充放电
【英文关键词】 PV; stand-alone photovoltaic system; adaptive voltage algorithm; MPPT; charge and discharge of battery
【毕业论文目录】
摘要 4-5
Abstract 5
1 绪论 8-17
1.1 课题研究背景 8-9
1.1.1 人类所面临的能
