分析浙江海区赤潮过程中的气象因子
Analysis of Meteorological Elements to Occurrence of Red Tide in Zhejiang Sea Area
【摘要】 近年来赤潮作为一种全球性海洋型生态环境问题,因其频繁发生以及带来的巨大经济损失而日益引起全世界的关注。但是由于赤潮发生的复杂性,目前对赤潮的发生规律、形成机理的了解严重不足。在可能影响赤潮发生的多个因子中,气象作为一个必不可少的环境因子和物理因子进入研究的范畴。本论文主要针对浙江海区这个赤潮的多发区,利用气象资料分析赤潮发生前期天气背景特征。用统计的方法揭示气象和赤潮之间的关系。本文研究结果表明:在赤潮发生前期,天气背景表现出一定的特点。例如在1000hpa等压面上,浙江海区赤潮发生在位势高度负距平区的边缘;在500百帕等压面温度场上,浙江海区赤潮发生地处在等温线密集区。在赤潮生消过程中总是存在风向的转变,同时风速较小。降水有利于赤潮的发生。相对湿度的大幅度变化也表现出易引发赤潮的发生。由于赤潮的地域性特征明显,本文还比较了浙江南北海域赤潮发生前期气象要素的变化特征。研究显示,在浙江南北海域赤潮的发生也存在气象条件上的差异。最后,利用聚类分析,比较各个气象因子(即温度、气压等)在辨别赤潮发生上的分辨能力,为今后建立赤潮预报方程打下基础。
【Abstract】 For its increasingly frequent occurrences and the ensuing economic losses, the red tide, recently recognized as a global problem of oceanic eco-systems, has caused worldwide concern. But due to the complex nature of red tide, knowledge of the cause and pattern of its happenings is still very much limited. Among many of the factors that could result in the occurrence of red tide, meteorological conditions, identified as the inherent environmental and physical factor, deserves careful study.This thesis, based on meteorological data collected in Zhejiang Province's costal areas that see surprisingly frequent happenings of red tide, is to analyze relevant meteorological conditions that precede the actual happening of red tide. The study shows that specific meteorological conditions materialize at the initial stage of the happening of red tide. For instance, over the course of the formation and the weakening of red tide, there is the constant change of wind direction as the wind velocity also declines. Both rainfall and variations in air humidity also increase the likeliness of the happening of red tide.As the happenings of red tide are relevant to specific geographical locations, this thesis also does a comparison of meteorological changes at the initial stage of the happenings of red tide in northern and southern sea areas of Zhejiang Province. The study shows that relevant meteorological conditions in different locations are different.Finally, an integrated study of varied reliability of relevant meteorological elements (e.g. temperature, air pressure) aims to build a basis for the forecast formula of red tide.
【关键词】 赤潮; 浙江海区; 气象因子; 统计分析
【Key words】 red tide; Zhejiang sea area; meteorological elements; statistical analysis
分析浙江海区赤潮过程中的气象因子
摘要 5-6
ABSTRACT 6
第一章 绪论 9-16
第二章 研究现状和背景 16-21
2.1 经验预测法 16-17
2.2 统计预测法 17-18
2.3 数值预测法 18-19
2.4 用卫星遥感技术进行赤潮探测和预报 19-20
2.5 各种方法比较 20-21
第三章 研究原理、方法和资料介绍 21-27
3.1 研究原理和方法 21-23
3.2 资料介绍 23-27
3.2.1 气象资料 23-24
3.2.2 赤潮记录资料 24-27
第四章 赤潮发生过程天气背景分析 27-46
4.1 位势高度场 27-33
4.2 温度场 33-37
4.3 位势高度和温度 37-40
4.4 降水 40-41
4.5 日平均风速和风向 41-44
4.6 相对湿度 44-45
4.7 小结 45-46
第五章 比较气象因子在浙江南北海区赤潮过程中的特点 46-53
5.1 浙江不同海区发生赤潮前期气象要素变化特征 46-50
5.1.1 温度 47-48
5.1.2 降水 48-49
5.1.3 日平均风速和风向 49-50
5.2 聚类分析结果 50-52
5.2.1 单因子聚类分析结果 50
5.2.2 气象因子对赤潮的预报指示作用 50-52
5.3 小结 52-53
第六章 总结和讨论 53-55
致谢 55-56
参考文献 56-59
作者简介 59
