火灾自动报警系统

论文编号:TX426  论文字数:21001,页数:40

摘  要

 
 不论是普通型（比如民用住宅）还是豪华型（比如高级宾馆）的高层建筑，都日益重视防火和安全技术的普及应用。因为其楼层多、人员密集，如果发生火灾，疏散困难，扑救也困难，势必造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。为了保障高层建筑安全可靠，必须设计出具有可靠性高、实时性好的火灾自动报警与消防系统。
 用MC14468离子型烟雾检测报警器、单片机89C51、nRF401单片射频收发器构成的火灾自动报警系统。由于引入了无线通信技术和FSK（频移键控）调制解调技术为核心的nRF401射频收发器，使系统的性能大大提高，尤其是使系统报警更具实时性和可靠性。而且MC14468的智能化更是简化了电路，省去了发射端外接报警电路的麻烦。同时基于电话线的自动报警MT8888芯片,及时地保证了把火灾信息报告给房间的主人及其相关人员，使其能够尽早处理以减少直接及间接的各项损失。考虑到报警的精确性问题，该设计中还利用了多位LED显示PS7219芯片连接了四个LED来显示房间的号码，从而满足了大规模建筑房间数目较多的问题。
 此系统设计功能全面，能够满足许多功能需求同时有满足当前技术使用的特征。

关键词：MC14468；8051；nRF401；FSK；火灾报警

Title: The Design of Automatic Fire Alarm System Based On Wireless Communications
Abstract
 
 Whether the ordinary type (such as civilian residential) or the luxury (for example high Guesthouse) high-rise building, put increasing attention on fire prevention and safety technology of universal application. Because of its floors, staff-intensive, if a fire, evacuation difficulties, to fight the blaze also difficult, it is bound to cause serious casualties and property losses. In order to protect high-rise building safety and reliability, it must be designed with high reliability and good real-time automatic fire alarm and fire fighting system.
 The automatic fire alarm system is discussed which consists of a iron-type smoke detector MC14468, a microcontroller 89C51 and a radio frequency transceiver nRF401. Because of nRF401 being introduced into which adopts the radio communication technology and the FSK technology, the system is improved increasingly in the performances, such as real-time function and high responsibility. And the MC14468 intellectualization simplified the electric circuit, so we don’t need worry about the periphery warning circuit. At the same time ，the MT8888 chip based on telephone alarm can notice timelessly the house master or the related public figure in order that we can reduce the indirect loss. It also used PS7219 this chip to carry on the expansion, which connected 4 LED to show room’s number. It has solved a problem of a scale bigger construction’s room’s number. Considered on the accuracy，This design uses the PS7219 chip to carry on the expansion, which connected 4 LED to show room number and has solved a problem of room number on a scale bigger construction.
 The system design has the comprehensive a great many functions and both meets the need of function and satisfies the current Technical characteristic.
 

Key words: MC14468; 8051; nRF401; FSK; fire alarm

目      录
摘  要 I
Abstract II
第一章   绪  论 1
1.1 课题背景 1
1.2 我国火灾自动报警系统生产行业的发展与现状 2
1.3 本课题的主要研究内容及研究工作 4
第二章  方案分析 5
2.1 智能建筑中火灾自动报警系统的设计要点 5
2.1.1 智能建筑中火灾自动报警系统的分类 5
2.1.2 探测器的类型 6
2.1.3 探测区域探测器设置要点 6
2.2 火灾报警控制器的设计选配 7
2.3 确定区域火灾报警控制器的容量 7
2.4 确定集中火灾报警控制器 8
第三章  无线火灾自动报警系统的硬件设计 9
3.1 系统总体结构 9
3.2 离子感烟型芯片MC14468报警电路 9
3.2无线收发模块nRF401电路 11
3.3 单片机电路 14
3.4 双音多频MT8888自动拨号报警电路 15
3.4.1 MT8888功能 15
3.4.2 MT8888工作原理 17
3.4.3 DTMF 收发电路 19
3.5 由X25045构成的看门狗电路 20
3.6 多位LED显示电路 23
3.7 单片机电源电路设计 25
3.8 89C51单片机与24C01串行EEPROM的连接 25
第四章  系统软件设计 27
4.1 无线收发模块软件流程 27
4.2 电话报警模块软件流程 29
4.3 显示报警模块软件流程 30
总    结 32
参考文献 33
附录A：检测发射部分电路图 34
附录B：接收控制部分电路图 35