年产1200吨阿司匹林的车间工艺设计

论文编号:ZY085    论文字数:15421,页数:52

摘 要：本文通过对几种催化剂比较选择使用一水合硫酸氢钠为本次设计的生产工艺催化剂。用醋酐和水杨酸为原料，以一水合硫酸氢钠为催化剂生产阿司匹林。工艺过程简单，产品纯度高，是阿司匹林生产的一条高产、优质、低成本的有效途径。设计了一个年产1200吨阿司匹林的生产车间,对物料、热量、釜体、车间布置等进行研究。根据工艺特点确定反应周期为每批14小时，每天1批。通过物料衡算得到每一种所需原料的质量；通过热量衡算得到所需传递的热量；然后根据衡算结果进行釜体设计,确定为6的反应釜、10的两个结晶釜和10的精制釜，设计内容包含了釜体各部分尺寸、气流干燥器、旋风分离器及车间布置等方面的设计，最后给出了生产工艺的反应流程简图、车间布置图和反应釜体装配图。
关键词：阿司匹林；物料衡算；热量衡算；釜体设计；车间布置

Abstract: this paper choose Sodium bisulfate monohydrate as the production catalyst for this design through comparison of a few catalysts. take the Sodium bisulfate monohydrate as catalyst and use the Acetic Anhydride, Salicylic acid as raw materials, to produce Aspirin. The craft process for Aspirin is a valid path of high produce, superior quality and low cost for the process is simple and product purity is high. We Designed a Production workshop for Aspirin of 1200 t/a for annual output, and studyed the materials, calories, body, the workshop decoration etc. According to the the process characteristics, we definite the reaction cycle for 14 hours each time, everyday 1 pass. According to the results of balance, We design the kettle ,also definite a Reactor of 6 cubic meters, two Crystalline kettle of 10 cubic meters, and a Refining Crystalline kettle of 10 cubic meters, though Mass Balance, quality that materials needed each time, and though Heat Balance, calories that needed to deliver, the design also included the body each parts of sizes and air dryer、cyclone and workshop layout, and so on. Finally, a flow chart of the reaction, a workshop layout diagram and a reaction kettle assembling drawing are given.
Keywords：Aspirin; Mass; Balance;  Heat Balance;  Kettle Design;  Workshop Layout

目  录
中文摘要............................................................. I
英文摘要............................................................ II
目录............................................................... III
1. 绪论
 1.1  阿司匹林简介 ............................................ 1
 1.2  阿司匹林生产情况............................................2
    1.3  阿司匹林工艺情况............................................3
    1.4  合成阿司匹林的各类催化剂优缺点及催化剂选择..................4
 1.5  研究课题概述................................................7
2. 阿司匹林车间工艺的设计计算
 2.1  设计内容....................................................8
 2.2  合成工艺及精制过程..........................................8
 2.3  生产周期的确定..............................................8
 2.4  年产1200吨阿司匹林的物料衡算过程
 2.4.1  计算依据..............................................9
 2.4.2  物料衡算原理.........................................10
 2.4.3  酰化阶段.............................................10
 2.4.4  冰水冷却结晶阶段.....................................12
 2.4.5  乙醇结晶阶段.........................................13
 2.4.6  温水重结晶阶段.......................................13
 2.5  热量衡算
 2.5.1  热量衡算概述.........................................14
 2.5.2  热量衡算方程式及各部分热量具体计算...................14
 2.5.3  酰化反应阶段Q1（Q4）的计算............................15
 2.5.4  Q3的计算 .............................................16
 2.5.5  Q5+Q6的计算...........................................21
 2.5.6  加热蒸汽量q的计算....................................22
 2.5.7  冰水结晶阶段热量衡算.................................22
 2.5.8  乙醇结晶阶段热量衡算 ................................23
 2.5.9  温水结晶阶段热量衡算 ................................24
 2.6  釜体设计
 2.6.1  确定酰化釜的容积.....................................25
 2.6.2  确定筒体和封头型式...................................26
 2.6.3  确定筒体和封头直径...................................26
 2.6.4  确定筒体高度.........................................26
 2.6.5  确定夹套直径.........................................27
 2.6.6  确定夹套高度.........................................27
 2.6.7  内筒及夹套的受力分析.................................27
 2.6.8  计算夹套筒体、封头厚度...............................27
 2.6.9  计算内筒筒体厚度.....................................28
 2.6.10  确定内筒封头厚度....................................28
 2.6.11  确定冰水结晶釜的容积................................29
 2.6.12  确定结晶釜各参数....................................29
 2.6.13  确定乙醇结晶釜的容积................................32
 2.6.14  确定乙醇结晶釜各参数................................32
 2.6.15  确定温水结晶釜的容积................................32
 2.6.16  确定温水结晶釜各参数................................32
 2.7  气流干燥器的设计
 2.7.1  设计条件.............................................32
 2.7.2  水分蒸发量W..........................................33
 2.7.3  空气消耗量L..........................................33
 2.7.4  干燥器直径D..........................................34
 2.7.5  干燥管高度Z..........................................34
 2.8  旋风分离器的选择与设计
 2.8.1  设计条件.............................................36
 2.8.2  确定旋风分离器进口气速...............................36
 2.8.3  确定旋风分离器的工艺尺寸.............................36
 2.8.4  旋风分离器的选型.....................................37
 2.9  过滤器的选型...............................................37
 2.10  贮罐容积的计算及选型
 2.10.1  醋酐贮罐............................................38
 2.10.2  冰水贮罐............................................38
 2.10.3  乙醇贮罐............................................38
 2.10.4  温水贮罐............................................38
 2.10.5  87℃水贮罐..........................................39
 2.11  泵的选型..................................................39
3. 结果与讨论
 3.1  物料衡算结果...............................................40
 3.2  热量衡算结果...............................................40
 3.3  釜体及其他设备设计结果.....................................40
4．总结与展望.......................................................42
致谢................................................................43
参考文献............................................................44
附录................................................................46