国内第三方支付发展的研究
说明：
摘要：网上支付是整个电子商务产业链中的核心环节，也是电子商务得以顺利发展的基础条件。基于网上支付的特点而产生的第三方支付，通过其支付平台在买家、卖家和银行之间建立连接，起到信用担保和技术保障作用，实现货币支付、资金流转、资金结算等功能，第三方支付更是以其方便、快捷、安全、业务全面、服务周到而受到用户的广泛支持。近年来，我国第三方支付市场呈现出勃勃的发展生机，已然成为了电子商务产业的佼佼者。
然而，迅速发展的第三方支付产业也面临着许多的困境，本文将其归结为四点：行业内竞争激烈，由于缺乏市场准入规范，众多小型支付平台进入市场并且进行着同质化的低端竞争，降低了整个行业的利润；第三方支付的资金流动依赖于商业银行，却又与其网上银行业务产生重叠，在与银行制定协议时颇为尴尬；所有网上支付的共同问题——用户隐私安全问题，第三方支付的安全技术是否过关直接影响着用户对于第三方支付的信心；相关法律监督、金融监控体制的不完善，导致了第三方支付市场的混乱，消极影响渗入到了第三方支付的各个方面。
由此，本文希望在吸收其他学者专家的建议后以及通过对国内外各个成功案例的分析中，得出针对上述四大困境的解决方案，包括：与银行形成互惠互利的合作关系，巩固第三方支付竞争实力，开拓第三方支付的市场，规范第三方支付市场四个部分。
关键词：第三方支付，服务平台，安全技术，网上银行，监控体系
RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIRD-PARTY PAYMENT IN CHINA
ABSTRACT ：On-line payment is not only the key link in the whole industrial chain of e-commerce, but also a fundamental condition of the smooth development of e-commerce. Third-party payment, which is built based on the features of on-line payment, sets up connections between buyers, sellers and commercial banks. Third-party payment takes responsibility of credit guarantee and technical support and achieves functions like monetary payments, cash flow, settlement funds and so on. Third-party payment is widely welcomed by users for its convenience, time-saving, safe, all-around products and good services. In recent years, the market of third-party payment in our country shows the development of exuberant vitality, which makes third-party payment becomes the leader of e-commerce industry.
However, the industry of third-party payment which is developing swiftly is also facing many difficulties. This paper sums up four points according to these difficulties. Firstly, competition in the industry is fierce. Because of lacking admitting standards, many small third-party payment platforms rush into the industry and fight low-level competitions which lower profits of the whole industry Secondly, on one hand, cash flow of third-party payment rely on commercial banks, on the other hand, third-party payment overlaps the on-line bank of commercial banks. This phenomenon makes platforms in dilemma when making agreement with banks. Thirdly, third-party has the same problem with all on-line payment, which is privacy security problem of users. Whether the security technology of third-party payment meets requirements or not will have direct influence in the confidence of users. Fourthly, relevant legal supervision and financial monitoring is far from complete, which lead to the disorder condition of the market of third-party payment. And the negative impact infiltrates all parts of third-party payment.
Therefore, this paper is hoped to give some solutions to the above four problems after absorbing different suggestions of other experts and scholars and through analyzing various succeed cases at home and abroad. It also includes four parts, which is building up mutual-benefit partnership with banks, consolidating competitive strength of third-party payment, exploring the market of third-party payment and regulating the market of third-party.
Key words: third-party payment, service platform, security technology, on-line bank, control system
1 绪论
1.1 引言
2008年1月，中国互联网络信息中心(CNNIC)在北京发布“第二十一次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告”显示，截至2007年12月，我国上网用户总数已达2.1亿。根据报告数据分析，我国网上购物大军达到4640万人，网上支付的比例增长至57.9％，平均一个网络购物网民最近半年网上购物的金额是466元。目前，网上交易存在的问题包括售后服务、厂商信用以及安全性得不到保障等。显然，如果有一种支付方式能够解决网上支付方式的信用和安全问题，那这种支付方式的市场潜力是无限的。
传统的网上购物的支付方式主要有货到付款、网上支付、邮局汇款、银行汇款等。邮局汇款和银行汇款往往都需要网上的买家到邮局或特定的银行去汇款，因为跨行在目前某些银行还不能办理且其过程复杂、到帐时间长、手续费高、给网上消费者带来了极大不便。而货到付款这种支付方式在电子商务发展的初期，在社会对网上购物还不是很信任的时候，无疑推动了电子商务的发展。但从长远角度看，买方在这个层面是占优势地位的，因为没有付款之前他可以非常严格地检查货物，稍不如意就退货，而造成巨大的物流浪费，这对电子商务的发展是非常不利的。
作者点评：
本文对国内第三支付进行了较为全面的描述，由概念问题的概述为本文的基础，之后对国内第三方支付行业的总体情况加以阐述，由此总结出国内第三方支付平台所面临的四大困境，通过国内外领先的第三方支付平台的案例分析、得出经验与启示，针对问题最终形成第三方支付解决当下困境的发展策略。
首先，建立法律法规与监督体系，以规范第三方支付市场，形成良好的大环境。接着，加强第三方支付平台的自身实力，包括提升服务质量、拓展业务市场以及加大安全技术的投入。最后，与最为重要的业务来往对象——商业银行形成互惠互利的伙伴关系。
本文旨在展现全面的国内第三方支付的发展情况，侧重于对国内第三方支付的问题进行归纳并予以解决。虽然本文深度有限，但还是希望通过本文，能够对第三方支付的业内人士以及其他相关人士有所参考与启发。