【摘要】 目的 探讨灰树花多糖对增强人肿瘤细胞放射治疗敏感性的作用,研究灰树花多糖与X-射线联合使用后细胞凋亡相关基因Bax的mRNA表达水平的变化并探讨两者协同作用的分子机理。方法 用CCK-8方法测定灰树花多糖与X-射线联合处理后HCT116的细胞存活率(cell survival rate,CSR);用Apoptosis Ladder Detection Kit进行灰树花多糖与X-射线联合处理后细胞凋亡检测;用RT-PCR方法测定Bax 基因的表达。结果 (1)灰树花多糖与X-射线联合处理对肿瘤细胞的直接杀伤作用高于X-射线单独处理;(2)X射线与灰树花多糖联合处理时细胞发生凋亡;(3)X-射线与灰树花多糖联合处理后细胞发生凋亡的分子机理与细胞凋亡相关基因Bax的表达提高相关。结论 灰树花多糖对肿瘤放射治疗具有明显的增敏作用,联合使用可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,此作用可能与凋亡相关基因Bax的表达增加相关。
【关键词】 灰树花多糖;X-射线;细胞凋亡;Bax
A Polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa Promotes X-ray induced cell apoptosis through upregulation of Bax in HCT116 cells
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the efficiency of the polysaccharide extracted from Grifola frondosa,in enhancing sensitivity to X-ray irradiation in human colon cancer cells HCT116. The levels of Bax mRNA were investigated in the treatment of the polysaccharide extracted from Grifola frondosa combinated with X-ray treatment to demonstrate the molecular basis for the synergistic effects.Methods HCT116 cell survival rate were monitored by CCK-8 kit. Apoptosis was detected with Apoptosis Ladder Detection Kit in the agarose gel electrophoresis. Bax gene expression was checked by semiquantitative PCR analysis of cellular RNA. Results Here we showed the sensitivity to X-irradiation was detected an increase in the combination of the polysaccharide extracted from Grifola frondosa and X-ray,comparing to X-ray alone. Moreover,the effect of the polysaccharide extracted from Grifola frondosa combined with X-ray on apoptosis was observed by DNA-ladder formation. We also present the evidence that pro-apoptotic gene Bax expresion may be involved in augmented the polysaccharide extracted from Grifola frondosa induced HCT116 cells sensitivity to X-ray irradiation.Conclusion The sensitivity to X-irradiation was increased in the combination of the polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa and X-ray. Moreover,the effect of the polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa combined with X-ray on apoptosis was observed and pro-apoptotic gene Bax expresion may be involved in augmented the polysaccharide extracted from Grifola frondosa induced HCT116 cells sensitivity to X-ray irradiation.
【Key words】 Grifola frondosa; X-ray; apoptosis;Bax
灰树花(Grifola frondosa)是一种生长在亚热带至温带的大型药、食兼用珍稀食用菌,又名栗蘑、贝叶多孔菌等,在分类学上属担子菌纲多孔菌科,我国较早的权威专著《中国的真菌》称其为“灰树花”,日本称之为“舞茸”,其口味鲜美、营养丰富,含有众多活性物质,灰树花多糖就是最主要的一类活性成分。
灰树花多糖除含有β-1,6-支链β-1,3-葡聚糖外还含有大量高度分支化的β-1,3-支链β-1,6-葡聚糖,研究表明,这种特定的结构使其拥有更强的生物调节活性[1]。作为一种生物反应调节剂(BRM),灰树花多糖具有增强免疫功能、抑制肿瘤等广泛的生理活性[2]。
灰树花多糖具有明显的抗肿瘤作用,能激活机体免疫细胞群如T淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞和自然杀伤细胞,并可促进多种细胞因子的分泌如IL-2、IL-8、IL-12、γ-INF、TNF-α等,增强肿瘤局部免疫反应,抑制肿瘤发生和转移[3~5]。
放射治疗对正常细胞的毒副作用在一定程度上限制了对恶性肿瘤的治疗作用,灰树花多糖可以通过与放疗的协同作用,提高治疗效果,降低放疗的毒副反应。
1 材料与方法
1.1 细胞培养 用10%牛血清(PAA Laboratories Gmbh)DMEM(PAA Laboratories Gmbh,Hyclone)培养液在37℃,5%CO2条件下培养HCT116 细胞(human colon cancer cells)。
1.2 细胞毒性分析 取对数生长期HCT116细胞,常规消化成2×104/ml的单细胞悬液,接种于24孔细胞培养板。5%CO2、37℃环境中培养24h后对HCT116细胞分别用:(1)零处理;(2)灰树花多糖(3μg/ml)处理1天;(3)X-射线(4Gy)处理1天;(4)第1天X-射线(4Gy)处理,第2天灰树花多糖(3μg/ml)处理;(5)第1天、第2天都用X-射线(4Gy)处理细胞。X-射线的处理是采用西门子直线加速器12MeV电子线照射。次日每孔细胞中加入20μl的CCK-8试剂(Dojindo Laboratories),5%CO2、37℃环境中培养2h后,在酶标仪(BIO-TEK)上波长450nm处读取光密度A值,计算细胞存活率(cell survival rate,CSR)。
细胞存活率(CSR)=试验组A值〖〗对照组A值×100%
1.3 凋亡检测 取对数生长期HCT116细胞,常规消化成2×104/ml的单细胞悬液,接种于 3.5cm培养皿。5%CO2、37℃环境中培养24h后对HCT116细胞采用第1天X-射线(4Gy),第2天灰树花多糖(3μg/ml)的方法处理,对照组零处理。处理48h后,PBS洗涤细胞,用DNA结合染料Hoechst 33258 (0.5μg/ml )染色,显微镜下观察和计数。随后上述48h处理细胞采用Apoptosis Ladder Detection Kit (Wako,Osaka,Japan)抽提DNA,2%的琼脂糖磷胶电泳后用SYBR Green I (Molecular Probes,Eugene,OR)染色检测。