攀枝花生态旅游的发展
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资料包括： 论文(27页7181字)
说明：
摘 要：随着人类文明进步以及生态环境的构建,生态旅游作为旅游的发展方向，它对环境负责，使经济社会与环境协调发展，最终带来最大经济效益，是实现旅游可持续发展的一种主导旅游形式。攀枝花拥有矿产资源和水能资源，还有非常丰富的生态旅游资源，包括自然资源，气候资源和人文景观。由于42年的城市建设使其生态环境遭受较为严重的破坏。开展生态旅游不应牺牲环境为代价。有必要借鉴国外发展生态旅游的先进经验，制定合理的规划。本文提出发展田园观光生态游、自然体验生态游、休闲互动生态游以及梦幻仙境生态游等形式作为建设生态风景区的规划。为了更好地发展攀枝花的生态旅游，本文提出从开发多种生态旅游；开辟多条生态旅游线路；开发高质量的旅游产品；建设生态区；增加旅游专项资金；增强对生态旅游的理解以及提高环境保护意识等方面来发展攀枝花的生态旅游业。以实现攀枝花的生态、社会、经济三者的和谐发展。
关键词：自然资源，生态旅游，资源开发，环境保护
Abstract
With the progress of civilizations of human beings and the construction of the ecological surroundings, ecotourism is responsible for environments, and it can realize the harmonious development among the economy, society and environments to bring the maximum economic benefits. So it is considered as the best mode of tourism to promote the sustainable development of tourism. Panzhihua is rich not only in iron and steel, vanadium-titanium and hydropower resources, but also in ecological tourist resources of ideal climate, natural and cultural landscape. All of them are the basis of the ecotourism development. However, due to the 42 years’ construction, the ecological environment in Panzhihua has been destroyed to some degrees. Developing ecological tourism should not sacrifice environments at a price. It’s necessary to learn the good experience of developing ecotourism from abroad. In this paper some suggestions for construction of ecological scenic spots are made, namely the pastoral, natural, leisure and magical fairyland ecotourism. In order to develop ecotourism successfully in Panzhiuha, the following main points should be paid attention to. Firstly, various forms of ecological tourism should be exploited. Secondly, the development of ecotourism routes can be designed carefully. Thirdly, measures for the promotion of ecotourism development must be taken seriously. Only in this way, can the harmonious development among the ecological environment, society and economy be realized in Panzhihua.
Key Words
Natural resources; ecological tourism; resource exploitation; environmental protection
Introduction
Ecotourism is a new type of tourism nowadays, and it comes into being in the international background that the ecological problem has become the global focus.
The word of "ecotourism" was first used in the documents in 1983 by H•Ceballos Lascurain who is a Mexico expert and special adviser of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN). The term of ecotourism was recognized on the seminar of the world environment in 1986, and then it quickly attracted the global attention. People have no unified definition about ecotourism. The Ecotourism Society in 1992 gave the definition of ecotourism, and this definition is more representative. It means that with the aim to understand the natural and cultural knowledge of nature, ecotourism takes care not to break the harmony of the ecological system, and takes the economic effect and welfare to local residents.
This definition includes the following meanings: first, ecotourism is a kind of tourism with a special purpose; second, ecotourism just not only contains the unique landscape (such as mountains, water, biological resources, etc.), but also includes the unique social and cultural environment of the human heritage and cultural landscape (such as nature reserves, forest parks. scenic areas, etc.). Ecotourism is based on the traditional and natural tourism. Compared with them, ecotourism attaches great importance to the coherent and organic connection with the natural landscape. It can be said that ecotourism is a spiritual enjoyment, and is sought by the advanced human civilization.
Panzhihua is a young industrial city, which was constructed in 1960s, and the municipal government followed the provincial strategy to develop the local tourism in 1990s. The miscellaneous cultures have not only recorded the city’s history, but also created the very distinctive modern civilization.
Panzhihua lies in the southwest of Sichuan, bordering on Yunnan Province. The Jinsha River and the Yalong River flow through and meet in the city. It is the only city which is named after a flower in China. Because there are abundant natural resources, Panzhihua has a great potentiality of the ecotourism exploitation. As a new form of tourism, ecotourism has developed very rapidly, attached much beauty to environments in Panzhihua, and the heavy environmental burdens of the city have been relieved to a degree.
Moreover, the development of the international tourism industry has created a good external environment for the ecotourism in Panzhihua. In the aspect of funds and policies, the western development has also provided necessary support for the ecotourism development, and the abundant tourist resources are the precondition and basis for the ecotourism development in Panzhihua. But on the other hand, the industrialization and modernization of the city have also brought great damage to the vegetation and environment.
So this paper talks about the ecotourism resources in Panzhihua, problems and countermeasures. The article focuses on discussion of the development of ecotourism in Panzhihua. It is certain that ecotourism can not only promote the development of the local economy, but also prevent the logical environment from damage.
目录：
Ceballos, Lascuráin H. The Future of Ecotourism. Mexico Journal, 1987.
Lindberg, K. Policies for Maximizing Nature Tourism''s Ecological and Economic
Benefit.Washington DC: World Resource Institute, 1991.
Lindberg, K, Hawkins, D. Ecotourism: A Guide for Planners and Managers. North
Bennington: The Ecotourism Society, 1993.
Lindberg, K. Enriquez, J. An Analysis of Ecotourism''s Economic Contribution to
Conservation and Development in Belize. Washington DC: World Wildlife Fund,1994.
Tong Yang. Study on the Meaning and Theory Development of Ecological City.
Asia Social Science, Canada: Canadian Center of Science and Education,
2006, (11).
郭来喜.中国生态旅游——可持续旅游的基石[J]. 地理科学进展, 1997, (5).
凌虹, 吴长年, 王鹏. 生态旅游与生态旅游业开发[J]. 农村生态环境, 1999,(3).
卢云亭.生态旅游与可持续旅游发展[J]. 经济地理,1996,(9).
赖启航. 攀枝花市旅游业发展状况、问题及措施[J]. 攀枝花学院学报, 2007, (1).
马乃喜.我国生态旅游资源的评价问题[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 1996, (7).
攀枝花市旅游局. 攀枝花市旅游发展总体规划[M]. 成都:四川大学出版社, 2002.
攀枝花人民政府新闻办公室. 中国.攀枝花[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,2003.
申葆嘉.国外旅游研究进展[J].旅游学刊,1996,(7).
宋子千,黄远水.对生态旅游若干理论问题的思考[J].林业经济问题,2001,(11).
[15] 闫惠.西部资源型城市旅游业发展的思路和对策[J].攀枝花学院学报, 2007, (1).
[16] 王良健.试论中国的生态旅游[J]. 人文地理, 1996, (10).
[17] 张延毅, 董观志.生态旅游及其可持续发展对策[J]. 经济地理, 1997, (3).
参考文献：
Ceballos, Lascuráin H. The Future of Ecotourism. Mexico Journal, 1987.
Lindberg, K. Policies for Maximizing Nature Tourism''s Ecological and Economic
Benefit.Washington DC: World Resource Institute, 1991.
Lindberg, K, Hawkins, D. Ecotourism: A Guide for Planners and Managers. North
Bennington: The Ecotourism Society, 1993.
Lindberg, K. Enriquez, J. An Analysis of Ecotourism''s Economic Contribution to
Conservation and Development in Belize. Washington DC: World Wildlife Fund,1994.
Tong Yang. Study on the Meaning and Theory Development of Ecological City.
Asia Social Science, Canada: Canadian Center of Science and Education,
2006, (11).
郭来喜.中国生态旅游——可持续旅游的基石[J]. 地理科学进展, 1997, (5).
凌虹, 吴长年, 王鹏. 生态旅游与生态旅游业开发[J]. 农村生态环境, 1999,(3).
卢云亭.生态旅游与可持续旅游发展[J]. 经济地理,1996,(9).
赖启航. 攀枝花市旅游业发展状况、问题及措施[J]. 攀枝花学院学报, 2007, (1).
马乃喜.我国生态旅游资源的评价问题[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 1996, (7).
攀枝花市旅游局. 攀枝花市旅游发展总体规划[M]. 成都:四川大学出版社, 2002.
攀枝花人民政府新闻办公室. 中国.攀枝花[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,2003.
申葆嘉.国外旅游研究进展[J].旅游学刊,1996,(7).
宋子千,黄远水.对生态旅游若干理论问题的思考[J].林业经济问题,2001,(11).
[15] 闫惠.西部资源型城市旅游业发展的思路和对策[J].攀枝花学院学报, 2007, (1).
[16] 王良健.试论中国的生态旅游[J]. 人文地理, 1996, (10).
[17] 张延毅, 董观志.生态旅游及其可持续发展对策[J]. 经济地理, 1997, (3).
作者点评：
攀枝花生态旅游的发展
This paper has mainly discusses the development of ecotourism in Panzhihua city, talks about the preconditions which suit to develop ecotourism, and some problems for developing ecotourism. In an industrial city of Panzhihua, great attention should be paid to the environmental protection when ecotourism is exploited. But on the other hand, a lot of problems, such as the infrastructural construction, communications, and the air and water pollution are still existed. So it is necessary and important to combine the development of ecotourism with the protection of ecological environments. These environmental problems must be solved earnestly so that the society, economy and environments in Panzhihua will develop harmoniously.
By promoting the development of ecotourism in a sustainable way, it is possible to increase the proportion of the third industry so as to improve the people’s living standards, promote the economy development and built a harmonious society.
In a word, great efforts should be made to take good advantage of natural ecological resources and exploit them effectively. Only in doing so, can the ecological tourism develop smoothly. As a matter of fact, with the economy, society and ecological environments in Panzhihua developing harmoniously, the city will have a beautiful and bright future in its development of the ecological tourism industry.
资料包括： 论文(27页7181字)
说明：
摘 要：随着人类文明进步以及生态环境的构建,生态旅游作为旅游的发展方向，它对环境负责，使经济社会与环境协调发展，最终带来最大经济效益，是实现旅游可持续发展的一种主导旅游形式。攀枝花拥有矿产资源和水能资源，还有非常丰富的生态旅游资源，包括自然资源，气候资源和人文景观。由于42年的城市建设使其生态环境遭受较为严重的破坏。开展生态旅游不应牺牲环境为代价。有必要借鉴国外发展生态旅游的先进经验，制定合理的规划。本文提出发展田园观光生态游、自然体验生态游、休闲互动生态游以及梦幻仙境生态游等形式作为建设生态风景区的规划。为了更好地发展攀枝花的生态旅游，本文提出从开发多种生态旅游；开辟多条生态旅游线路；开发高质量的旅游产品；建设生态区；增加旅游专项资金；增强对生态旅游的理解以及提高环境保护意识等方面来发展攀枝花的生态旅游业。以实现攀枝花的生态、社会、经济三者的和谐发展。
关键词：自然资源，生态旅游，资源开发，环境保护
Abstract
With the progress of civilizations of human beings and the construction of the ecological surroundings, ecotourism is responsible for environments, and it can realize the harmonious development among the economy, society and environments to bring the maximum economic benefits. So it is considered as the best mode of tourism to promote the sustainable development of tourism. Panzhihua is rich not only in iron and steel, vanadium-titanium and hydropower resources, but also in ecological tourist resources of ideal climate, natural and cultural landscape. All of them are the basis of the ecotourism development. However, due to the 42 years’ construction, the ecological environment in Panzhihua has been destroyed to some degrees. Developing ecological tourism should not sacrifice environments at a price. It’s necessary to learn the good experience of developing ecotourism from abroad. In this paper some suggestions for construction of ecological scenic spots are made, namely the pastoral, natural, leisure and magical fairyland ecotourism. In order to develop ecotourism successfully in Panzhiuha, the following main points should be paid attention to. Firstly, various forms of ecological tourism should be exploited. Secondly, the development of ecotourism routes can be designed carefully. Thirdly, measures for the promotion of ecotourism development must be taken seriously. Only in this way, can the harmonious development among the ecological environment, society and economy be realized in Panzhihua.
Key Words
Natural resources; ecological tourism; resource exploitation; environmental protection
Introduction
Ecotourism is a new type of tourism nowadays, and it comes into being in the international background that the ecological problem has become the global focus.
The word of "ecotourism" was first used in the documents in 1983 by H•Ceballos Lascurain who is a Mexico expert and special adviser of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN). The term of ecotourism was recognized on the seminar of the world environment in 1986, and then it quickly attracted the global attention. People have no unified definition about ecotourism. The Ecotourism Society in 1992 gave the definition of ecotourism, and this definition is more representative. It means that with the aim to understand the natural and cultural knowledge of nature, ecotourism takes care not to break the harmony of the ecological system, and takes the economic effect and welfare to local residents.
This definition includes the following meanings: first, ecotourism is a kind of tourism with a special purpose; second, ecotourism just not only contains the unique landscape (such as mountains, water, biological resources, etc.), but also includes the unique social and cultural environment of the human heritage and cultural landscape (such as nature reserves, forest parks. scenic areas, etc.). Ecotourism is based on the traditional and natural tourism. Compared with them, ecotourism attaches great importance to the coherent and organic connection with the natural landscape. It can be said that ecotourism is a spiritual enjoyment, and is sought by the advanced human civilization.
Panzhihua is a young industrial city, which was constructed in 1960s, and the municipal government followed the provincial strategy to develop the local tourism in 1990s. The miscellaneous cultures have not only recorded the city’s history, but also created the very distinctive modern civilization.
Panzhihua lies in the southwest of Sichuan, bordering on Yunnan Province. The Jinsha River and the Yalong River flow through and meet in the city. It is the only city which is named after a flower in China. Because there are abundant natural resources, Panzhihua has a great potentiality of the ecotourism exploitation. As a new form of tourism, ecotourism has developed very rapidly, attached much beauty to environments in Panzhihua, and the heavy environmental burdens of the city have been relieved to a degree.
Moreover, the development of the international tourism industry has created a good external environment for the ecotourism in Panzhihua. In the aspect of funds and policies, the western development has also provided necessary support for the ecotourism development, and the abundant tourist resources are the precondition and basis for the ecotourism development in Panzhihua. But on the other hand, the industrialization and modernization of the city have also brought great damage to the vegetation and environment.
So this paper talks about the ecotourism resources in Panzhihua, problems and countermeasures. The article focuses on discussion of the development of ecotourism in Panzhihua. It is certain that ecotourism can not only promote the development of the local economy, but also prevent the logical environment from damage.
目录：
Ceballos, Lascuráin H. The Future of Ecotourism. Mexico Journal, 1987.
Lindberg, K. Policies for Maximizing Nature Tourism''s Ecological and Economic
Benefit.Washington DC: World Resource Institute, 1991.
Lindberg, K, Hawkins, D. Ecotourism: A Guide for Planners and Managers. North
Bennington: The Ecotourism Society, 1993.
Lindberg, K. Enriquez, J. An Analysis of Ecotourism''s Economic Contribution to
Conservation and Development in Belize. Washington DC: World Wildlife Fund,1994.
Tong Yang. Study on the Meaning and Theory Development of Ecological City.
Asia Social Science, Canada: Canadian Center of Science and Education,
2006, (11).
郭来喜.中国生态旅游——可持续旅游的基石[J]. 地理科学进展, 1997, (5).
凌虹, 吴长年, 王鹏. 生态旅游与生态旅游业开发[J]. 农村生态环境, 1999,(3).
卢云亭.生态旅游与可持续旅游发展[J]. 经济地理,1996,(9).
赖启航. 攀枝花市旅游业发展状况、问题及措施[J]. 攀枝花学院学报, 2007, (1).
马乃喜.我国生态旅游资源的评价问题[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 1996, (7).
攀枝花市旅游局. 攀枝花市旅游发展总体规划[M]. 成都:四川大学出版社, 2002.
攀枝花人民政府新闻办公室. 中国.攀枝花[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,2003.
申葆嘉.国外旅游研究进展[J].旅游学刊,1996,(7).
宋子千,黄远水.对生态旅游若干理论问题的思考[J].林业经济问题,2001,(11).
[15] 闫惠.西部资源型城市旅游业发展的思路和对策[J].攀枝花学院学报, 2007, (1).
[16] 王良健.试论中国的生态旅游[J]. 人文地理, 1996, (10).
[17] 张延毅, 董观志.生态旅游及其可持续发展对策[J]. 经济地理, 1997, (3).
参考文献：
Ceballos, Lascuráin H. The Future of Ecotourism. Mexico Journal, 1987.
Lindberg, K. Policies for Maximizing Nature Tourism''s Ecological and Economic
Benefit.Washington DC: World Resource Institute, 1991.
Lindberg, K, Hawkins, D. Ecotourism: A Guide for Planners and Managers. North
Bennington: The Ecotourism Society, 1993.
Lindberg, K. Enriquez, J. An Analysis of Ecotourism''s Economic Contribution to
Conservation and Development in Belize. Washington DC: World Wildlife Fund,1994.
Tong Yang. Study on the Meaning and Theory Development of Ecological City.
Asia Social Science, Canada: Canadian Center of Science and Education,
2006, (11).
郭来喜.中国生态旅游——可持续旅游的基石[J]. 地理科学进展, 1997, (5).
凌虹, 吴长年, 王鹏. 生态旅游与生态旅游业开发[J]. 农村生态环境, 1999,(3).
卢云亭.生态旅游与可持续旅游发展[J]. 经济地理,1996,(9).
赖启航. 攀枝花市旅游业发展状况、问题及措施[J]. 攀枝花学院学报, 2007, (1).
马乃喜.我国生态旅游资源的评价问题[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 1996, (7).
攀枝花市旅游局. 攀枝花市旅游发展总体规划[M]. 成都:四川大学出版社, 2002.
攀枝花人民政府新闻办公室. 中国.攀枝花[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,2003.
申葆嘉.国外旅游研究进展[J].旅游学刊,1996,(7).
宋子千,黄远水.对生态旅游若干理论问题的思考[J].林业经济问题,2001,(11).
[15] 闫惠.西部资源型城市旅游业发展的思路和对策[J].攀枝花学院学报, 2007, (1).
[16] 王良健.试论中国的生态旅游[J]. 人文地理, 1996, (10).
[17] 张延毅, 董观志.生态旅游及其可持续发展对策[J]. 经济地理, 1997, (3).
作者点评：
攀枝花生态旅游的发展
This paper has mainly discusses the development of ecotourism in Panzhihua city, talks about the preconditions which suit to develop ecotourism, and some problems for developing ecotourism. In an industrial city of Panzhihua, great attention should be paid to the environmental protection when ecotourism is exploited. But on the other hand, a lot of problems, such as the infrastructural construction, communications, and the air and water pollution are still existed. So it is necessary and important to combine the development of ecotourism with the protection of ecological environments. These environmental problems must be solved earnestly so that the society, economy and environments in Panzhihua will develop harmoniously.
By promoting the development of ecotourism in a sustainable way, it is possible to increase the proportion of the third industry so as to improve the people’s living standards, promote the economy development and built a harmonious society.
In a word, great efforts should be made to take good advantage of natural ecological resources and exploit them effectively. Only in doing so, can the ecological tourism develop smoothly. As a matter of fact, with the economy, society and ecological environments in Panzhihua developing harmoniously, the city will have a beautiful and bright future in its development of the ecological tourism industry.