摘 要:在国际经济一体化,世界各国经济飞速发展的这一大的世界环境下,国际私法的调整范围在不断的扩大,其性质也在发生转变,它在逐步冲破不同法系国家不同法律体制的束缚,走向统一,由国内法性质向国际法性质转变。这一历史性的进步告诉世人,成文法与判例法也已经随着国际私法的发展正从分裂走向融合。则两大法系国家共同的关注点¾¾司法判例,成为了中外许多学者的理论研究方向。本文从介绍司法判例的概念和特点入手,分别从不同法系的角度展开分析司法判例的重要性;再则宏观把握国际私法的发展趋势,分析司法判例在这发展趋势中所起到的作用;其次再从我国的角度,简要阐述重视司法判例的必然性;最后立足于我国,分析建立起国际司法判例制度的基础和注意的问题,对于是否应该建立起国际私法判例制度发表一些个人的观点。
关键词 :判例 渊源 判例制度 先例
On the precedents in the role of private internationl law
Abstract
On the condition of international economic integration as well as the rapid development of the world economy, the adjustment of international private law is also constantly expanding its scope, the nature of it is also gradually changing: from domestic to international. That is to say, it slowly crushes the chains of different legal system in different countries and gradually move toward reunification. The historic evolution will tell us that statute law and case law will also move from split toward integration, thus, the common point, justice prejudication, which draws attention of two kinds of legal systems, becomes the theoretic research aspect of many scholars in home and abroad. This paper starts with the introduction of the concept and character of justice prejudication, analyzing its importance from different legal point of view, and then under the generally grasp developing trend of international private law, I will discuss the role that justice prejudication would play in the trend. And thirdly from the point of our country, I will explain the inevitability of attaching importance to justice prejudication, and at last,from the truth of our country, I will analyze the base and some issues that should pay attention to in the progress of establishing internatnal justice prejudication system, also, I will give some personal views on whether internatnal private law justice prejudication system should be found.
Keywords
Prejudication;source ; prejudication system; precedent
前 言
司法判例作为国际私法的主要渊源,在国际私法这一部门法中发挥着重要且特殊的作用,与国内立法、国际条约、国际惯例相比较,有过之而无不及的重要性,它是法的最初表象,具有从现实到抽象的逻辑思维特点。虽然两大法系对司法判例的认识深度和表现形式大有不同,但通过对各国的立法模式转变的研究和认识,不可否认的得知司法判例不光是在不同法系国家有着重要的作用,而且对于整个社会的法律发展都有一定的积极性和促动性。
大陆法系和普通法系是世界上最主要、具有代表性的两大法系,通常大部分学者都认为这两大法系的关键的、最主要的分歧点在于它们的法律渊源,即普通法系国家把司法判例作为主要的法律渊源,而大陆法系把成文法作为它们的主要法律渊源,对司法判例作不明确表示态度。但是现在前者正逐渐重视成文法,后者也逐渐适用判例法,两大法系逐渐呈渗透融合之势。本文通过四个方面的阐述,从不同的角度论析司法判例的重要性,同时为我国司法判例的建立提供一些建议。