摘 要:自二十世纪八十年度以来,随着我国城市化和工业化进程的不断推进,农民进城务工人数剧增,随之而来的就是大批义务教育适龄儿童和少年跟随父母来到城市,导致农民工子女受教育问题突出。
本文以农民工子女受教育权法律保障为研究对象,通过对农民工子女受教育权现状的概述,探讨了农民工子女受教育权的困境和制约因素,尝试提出了农民工子女受教育权法律保障措施。本文分为三部分:
第一部分在综述前人研究成果的基础上,提出了本文研究的主要问题,阐述了农民工子女受教育现状和意义。
第二部分通过查找文献资料对农民工子女受教育权的困境和制约因素进行了分析。作者认为当前农民工子女受教育主要存在如下问题:入学权利、教育机会、教育资源不均衡;城乡二元结构的制约、法制因素的制约、行政制约和国家政策可执行性制约因素等。
第三部分笔者基于第二部分关于农民工子女受教育权的困境和制约因素分析之上提出了农民工子女受教育权法律保障措施。
关键词:农民工子女,受教育权,法律保障
Abstract
From the 80s last century, with the development of urbanization and industrialization in our country, the number of farmer coming into city to be a worker is growing extremely, and lots of school age children and youngsters following with their parents make the migrant children education problem outstandingly.
This article studies on the law protection of migrant children education right, and has a summarize on the situation of migrant children education right, then approach about the difficulties and restrict factors, finally attempt to suggest the supporting measures of the law protection of migrant children education right. This article is composed by three parts:
In the first part, based on summarizing the results people had done the key issue is pointed out and then the situation and significance of migrant children education right are described.
In the second part, after looking up literature materials the difficulties and restrict factors in migrant children education right are analyzed. The author thinks that currently there are problems about migrant children education so as matriculate right, education chance, the unbalance of educational resource, the restriction of city and countryside, the restriction of legal system factor, the restriction of administration, the restrict factors of performability of nation policy, and so on.
In the third part, the author proposes that the measures of law protection of migrant children education right based on analyzing the second part which is about the difficulties and restrict factors of migrant children education right.
Key words: migrant children, the right to education , law protection
前 言
教育对人、对国家、对社会不可或缺。教育关涉人的生存发展、国家的兴旺发达、社会的繁荣和进步,教育伴随着人类的起源和演进代代相传,并从传统走进道德,又从道德跨入法律。在当今社会,受教育是保障人生存和发展的基本条件之一,接受义务教育是农民工子女最基本的人权,维护教育公平、对农民工子女实施义务教育、保护弱势群体的受教育权是法律的责任,是社会公平的起点,是维护社会稳定的前提,更是构建和谐社会的基础和时代诉求。当前,我国农民工子女受教育的现状还很不容乐观,问题主要表现在受教育机会不平等、立法及制度性保障的缺失、教育主管部门对农民工子女受教育问题的重视不够、国家政策执行性不强等方面,这些都是与构建和谐社会背道而驰的。为此,在本文中,笔者在成因分析的基础上,提出了解决农民工子女平等受教育权法律保障方面的对策建议。笔者认为,面对中国社会经济的迅速发展、以人为本的和谐社会的社会发展理念的提出以及现实需求,必须对农民工子女教育给予法律上的保障,这不仅是和谐社会人文关怀的题中之义,更是实现可持续发展的坚实基础。