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基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMPs)是参与降解包括骨在内的全身各种组织细胞外基质(extracellular matrix，ECM)的蛋白酶家族。自1962年Gross和Lapie re首次报道胶原酶(Collagenase)以来，作用于ECM其它成分的基质金属蛋白酶不断报道。到目前为止已发现和纯化的MMPs至少有20种,已证实MMPs在几乎机体各种组织的发育和修复、肿瘤发生发展、炎症反应等过程中发挥着重要的作用，已愈来愈引起人们的重视。本文就MMPs在骨发育、代谢与再生等的改建过程中的最新研究进展进行综述。
关键词： 基质金属蛋白酶,骨改建
1 MMPs的一般特性
MMPs是一组含Zn2+的能够降解细胞外基质的蛋白酶，通常在中性条件下发挥活性，有 ca2+参与时活性最大。其活性受螯合剂抑制，但不受丝氨酸、半胱氨酸、天冬氨酸蛋白酶 类抑制剂的影响。用cDNA预测氨基酸序列，表明一些哺乳动物MMPs各种类型酶之间，其结构具有高度的恒定性。MMPs家族所有成员具有一些共同的氨基酸序列和结构域。这些结构域是：前肽结构域、信号肽、催化结构域、凝乳酶样结构域、跨膜结构域等。通过其中某个区的增减修饰而形成不同的MMPs。如明胶酶在催化区有一段纤维连接蛋白样的插入，MMP-7缺少凝乳酶样结构域，而膜型MMPs含有跨膜结构域等。MMPs均以酶原形式分泌，其活化需要进 行蛋白水解，前肽丢失，分子量减少。体外潜伏型MMPs可被有机汞制剂、促溶剂或蛋白酶激活。MMPs有一些共同的生化特点：①催化机制依赖于活化中心的锌原子；②蛋白酶均以无活性的酶原形式分泌；③酶原可被蛋白酶激活因子或有机汞制剂激活；④激活过程伴随分子量的减少；⑤不同细胞来源的MMPs有很高的同源性；⑥激活后的酶可裂解一种或多种细胞外基质成分；⑦酶的活性可被MMPs的天然抑制剂TIMPs抑制；⑧多数MMPs基因转录受到内源性生长因子和细胞因子调节，如IL-1和IL-6、TNF-α、TGF-α和IFN-γ以及BMP等。
目录：
1 MMPs的一般特性
2 MMPs的分类
3 MMPs的激活
4 MMPs在骨改建中的作用
5 展望
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