摘要:纵观鸦片战争以后的近代中国美术史,尤其从晚清“海派”绘画开始,“西画东渐”一直贯穿着整个中国画坛,并由此引发出一系列东西方两种文化间的交织、碰撞与融合。进入19世纪以后,不断经历着洋务运动、戊戌变法、辛亥革命的中国画坛,不仅受到西方文化和艺术理念的强烈冲击,衍生出一股愈演愈烈的时代潮流。那么对西方艺术与中国传统艺术间的引进与继承、否定与选择,就成为时代向近代中国画家提出的挑战,同时也为中国画家的艺术创作提供了无限的可能和广阔的空间。
“西画东渐”主要体现在对西画的代表画种一一油画和西方艺术精神的引进,但是从上到下的艺术实践中,油画与传统中国画在各个层面上的巨大差异,使得油画与传统中国画的融合出现强烈的排异反应,水彩画与中国近代画的革新,水彩画适时地出现正好调和了两种异域文化间的矛后,为中国画在特定历史背景下融合西方艺术提供了技术手段和精神支持。
自“海派”画家以来,对西洋绘画的思考与引入使得中国画步入了从未涉及的领域,也使得传统中国画的存在价值与存在方式遭到了前所未有的质疑。近代的中国画家们面对西画的侵入,做出了不同的反应与选择,其中包含了对水彩画兀素不同程度的吸纳。
本文的研究集中在晚清“海派”画家以来至“五四”运动这近百年的时间段内,建立在以明显吸收水彩画兀素并对革新中国画产生积极作用,对中国画坛产生深远影响的中国画艺术大师为基础,对水彩画与近代传统中国画革新所产生的关系进行梳理,思考艺术多兀化等一系列问题。
关键词:艺术画;西画东渐;传统中国画;传统中国画革新;水彩画
Abstract :Seeing Chinese neoteric art after Opium War, especially after "Sea Genre" in late QingDynasty, western painting has impenetrated Chinese painting art, which solicitation theinterlacing the afouling and the amalgamation of western and east culture. When it comes to19thcultucentury, after some civil wars, Chinese painting art was influenced by the westerne more and more intensity. The attitude between western and Chinesechallenge to neoteric Chinese artists. Meanwhile, it offered a space for theirpainting art is theart produce.
"Influenced by western art" is mainly manifested on the art kind, oil painting andindraught of western art inspirit. But the difference between Chinese traditional painting andoil painting made great excluding among their amalgamation. While watercolor''s emergenceconciliated the contradiction. It also offered technique artifice and spirit support to theamalgamation.
Since "Sea Genre", the thinking of western painting made Chinese art involved in anunknown field, which also doubted the value of Chinese traditional painting and its exist way.Neoteric Chinese artists made different choice to the intruding of western art, including that ofwatercolor.
This thesis is mainly from "Sea Genre" in late Qing Dynasty to middle of 20th century,during this 100 years, Chinese art imbibed active factor of western painting to consummatetheir own. By doing some research on some Chinese traditional artists who influencedChinese art deeply, to thinking of the pluralistic as well as art noumenon itself ,etc.
Key words: Art pluralistic; Influenced by western art; Chinese traditional painting; Reform
Chinese traditional painting; Element of watercolor
引言
在“西画东渐”的时代潮流下,中国画家勇敢地做出了各式各样的尝试与选择,大
大丰富了中国画的语境,当然成功与失败相伴,赞许与漫骂同现。如果细细品味从“海
派”画家以后的中国画革新与探索过程,不难发现中国画的探索与创新一直或明或暗的
伴随着水彩画在中国的传播与发展。
当然,对中国画吸纳水彩画兀素的看法,人们观点不同,实践的领域不同,得出的
结论也不同,但是不管对水彩画友好接受,还是若即若离,甚至视之为洪水猛兽者,都
无法彻底与水彩画划清界限。在时代的洪流下人们无法忽视水彩画的存在,在他们的艺
术探索中都可以找到些许痕迹。中国画坛发展至今,水彩画与中国画之间的相互借鉴和
引用已经相当普遍,甚至从某种程度上二者的边界已不再径渭分明。本文将从早期水彩
画在中国的发展谈起,通过分析近代中国画大师与水彩画发生艺术交集的实例,展现水
彩画在特定的历史年代为中国画坛所作的贡献。