壳聚糖渗透汽化膜的制备及性能研究

论文编号:SP125  论文字数:15855,页数:34

摘  要：渗透汽化分离是一种高效、节能的分离技术，特别适用于近沸及恒沸混合物的分离。其中，异丙醇脱水是近年来有机物脱水领域中很重要的一个分离体系。异丙醇在工业上有十分广泛的应用。壳聚糖是一种天然的渗透汽化膜材料，不仅来源丰富，成本低，亲水性好，还具有良好的成膜性能,较高的机械强度和抗化学腐蚀能力。因此，壳聚糖膜一直受到膜科学研究者的普遍关注。本文研究了壳聚糖分子量，脱乙酰度，操作温度、进料液浓度以及不同进料液体系对膜渗透汽化性能的影响。
本文还通过界面反应法制备了新型壳聚糖(CS)－部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）聚电解质复合膜用于异丙醇脱水。

Abstract: Pervaporation, as one of high efficient and economic membrane separation methods, is capable of separating azeotropic and near-boiling point mixtures. The best developed application is for the dehydration of water–alcohol mixtures. Dehydration of isopropanol has received great attentions from industries due to its uses in various industries. As a hydrophilic material for pervaporation membranes, chitosan has drawn a great attention in past decade. In addition to its rich source and a low cost, high hydrophilic, the good film forming property, high mechanical strength, and chemical resistance make chitosan very promising material. The pervaporation performance of homogeneous chitosan membranes was investigated by altering the molecular weight, the degree of deacetylation of CS, operating temperature, feed composition and feed kinds.
Polyacrlaminde (PAM) was synthesized by using Ce4+ and then hydrolyzed under alkali aqueous solution to partly polyacrlaminde( HPAM). A novel composite membranes with two opposite charge polyelectrolytes, chitosan(CS) and HPAM, were prepared through coating method for isopropanol dehydration.
关键词：渗透汽化膜；聚电解质；壳聚糖；部分水解聚丙烯酰胺；异丙醇脱水

Keywords: pervaporation membrane; polyelectrolyte; chitosan; HPAM; IP/H2O

目  录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目录 III
1. 绪论 1
1.1 膜分离技术的发展状况 1
1.2 渗透汽化膜的研究状况 2
1.2.1 渗透汽化膜的发展历史 2
1.2.2 渗透汽化膜的传递过程 3
1.2.3 影响渗透汽化性能的因素 3
1.3 壳聚糖膜的研究状况 4
1.3.1 壳聚糖渗透气化膜 5
1.3.2 壳聚糖其他类膜 6
1.4 课题的提出及内容 6
1.4.1 研究目的、意义 6
1.4.2 研究内容概述 7
2. 实验部分 8
2.1 实验材料 8
2.1.1 化学试剂 8
2.1.2 实验仪器   8
2.2 实验 8
2.2.1 壳聚糖分子量测定 8
2.2.2 脱乙酰度的测定 9
2.3 壳聚糖渗透汽化均质膜的制备 9
2.4 壳聚糖溶胀膜的制备及溶胀度测定 10
2.4.1 溶胀用膜的制备 10
2.4.2 膜溶胀度测定 10
2.5 壳聚糖膜的渗透汽化性能测定 10
2.5.1 渗透汽化装置及测试 10
2.5.2 料液及透过液的分析 11
3. 结果与讨论 12
3. 1 壳聚糖均质膜的溶胀度依赖性    12
3.1.1 浸泡时间   12
3.1.2 浸泡温度 12
3.1.3 料液组成 13
3.2 壳聚糖均质膜的渗透汽化性能 14
3.2.1 壳聚糖分子量 14
3.2.2 壳聚糖脱乙酰度 17
4．总结与展望 18
致谢 20
参考文献 21