数控机床轴承座的结构及加工工艺工装设计

机械设计制造及其自动化论文，论文编号:JX1481  论文字数:19520.页数:31  附任务书，开题报告，文献综述，外文翻译，CAD图

摘     要
 当今，各种现代化企业均拥有众多的数字控制设备，充分开发应用它们的功能，将对国民经济的发展发挥巨大的作用。科技创新开发机电一体化的机电产品更是时代的迫切要求。为了适应数控技术和国民经济发展的需要，高等工科院校应该将“数控技术”这种多学科交叉、综合的高新技术给予重视。
 学校根据我们所学课程结合现代化数控技术的发展趋势（即高速化，高效化，高精度化），对我们的毕业设计提出有关于数控机床改进的课题，是对我们学生的专业知识的进一步的提高，以及对现代化数控技术的追求。
 高速化，高精度化的数控技术对数控机床的硬件部件（即传动部件）的刚性及定位精度等提出了更高的要求。机床的进给部件是整个轮廓描述和保证形位精度的最关键和最基本的部分。如果机床的进给部件不能精确地控制轮廓的描述，即使它的主轴部件再好了不能完成零件的加工。
 数控机床对进给部件的要求主要体现在滚珠丝杠以及其支撑部件上。不仅要对支撑滚珠丝杠的轴承提出特殊要求，更要对安装轴承的轴承座提出更高的要求，轴承座的定位安装精度直接影响轴承座的定位精度，也就导致滚珠丝杠能否达到需要的安装精度，滚珠丝杠如果不能正确安装，必然导致轴承加剧磨损，寿命降底。
 所以，轴承座精度是否达到要求也将影响机床的精度。而我们以此作为毕业设计，对轴承座作进一步分析，虽不能有所发现或发明，却对我们个人的专业知识，和设计思维有更进一步的发展和提高。
 本文正文主要分三个部分：
 第一部分：根据现今数控机床的性能需求，结合现有的机床资料，开发出一种新型的或较全理的轴承座结构方案；并分析该方案的可行性，同时也要选择几种现有的轴承座型号，与开发出的型号进行对比，比较各轴承座之间的优点，取华之精华，最终确定轴承座的结构方案；确定该轴承座的工作环境，装配关系等，绘制一套完整的零件装配图（A2以上图幅），并绘制一套零件图（A2图幅）。
 第二部分：对轴承座的生产工艺进行分析，确定轴承座的加工工艺过程，提交完整的机加工工艺过程卡片；提取工艺过程中最具代表性的工序即镗孔工序，进行完整分析，选择加工环境，计算机加工数据，填写该工序卡片。
 第三部分：设计镗孔工艺的夹具——镗孔夹具。根据加工环境设计一套适合大批量生产的夹具；对夹具工艺性进行分析，绘制夹具装配图一张（A1图幅）；并绘制其中一部分的夹具零件图。
 关键词：轴承座 结构分析 镗孔夹具 工艺分析
Abstract
 Today, modern enterprises have a large number of digital control equipment, the full development and application of their functions, development of the national economy will play a great role. The development of scientific and technological innovation of mechanical and electrical products Mechatronics is an urgent requirement of the times. In order to adapt to digital technology and the needs of national economic development, engineering colleges should be "digital technologies" such cross-multidisciplinary, comprehensive high-tech attention.
 Schools are based on our professional courses NC modern CNC technology combined with the development trend (that is, high-speed, efficient, and precision) of our students graduating from NC professional design to improve on the subject of CNC machine tools is on the expertise of our students to increase further, as well as the pursuit of modern CNC technology.
 High-speed, high-precision numerical control of CNC machine tool technology to the hardware components (ie, transmission parts) of the positioning accuracy, such as rigidity and a higher demand. Feed machine parts of the contour shape and position descriptions and to ensure the accuracy of the most critical and most basic part of. If the machine tool feed control components can not accurately describe the contour, even if it no matter how good the main components of the processing parts can not be completed.
 CNC machine tools to feed the requirements of the major components in the ball screw and its support components. Not only for the ball screw support bearings special requirements on the installation of bearings to bearing the higher requirements of the position bearing installation bearing a direct impact on the accuracy of the positioning accuracy, it can lead to ball screw to achieve the need for the installation of precision ball screws, if not installed correctly, will inevitably lead to increased bearing wear, down at the end of life.
 Therefore, whether the bearing accuracy requirements will also affect the accuracy of machine tools. And we as a graduation project, on the bearing for further analysis, though can not be found or invented, but our personal expertise, and design ideas to further develop and improve.
 In this paper, the main body is divided into three parts:
 The first part: According to the performance of today''''s CNC machine tool demand, combined with the existing tools of information, the development of a new or less the whole rationale of the bearing structure; and to analyze the feasibility of the program, but also to choose a few are some bearing models, and developed a comparative model to compare the advantages between the bearing, take the essence of China, and ultimately determine the structure of the program bearing; to determine the bearing of the working environment, the assembly and so on, drawing a complete sets of parts assembly (A2 Maps above), and the mapping of a set of parts diagram (A2 Maps).
 Part II: The bearing analysis of the production process to determine the bearing of the processing process, to submit a complete machining process card; extraction process in the most representative of the processes that boring process, a full analysis of options processing environment, the computer processing of data, fill in the card process.
 Part III: Design of the Jig Boring Process - jig boring. Processing environment in accordance with the design of a fixture suitable for mass production; of the fixture of the analysis process, drawing a fixture assembly (A1 Maps); and part of the fixture drawn parts diagram.
Keywords: Bearing Block; Structural Analysis; Jig Boring ; Process Analysis
目  录

中文摘要……1            
英文摘要……3
目录5  
第一章 绪论 7  
第二章 轴承座的功用及技术要求………..8
 2.1轴承座的功用…….......8 
 2.2轴承座的结构和技术要求…… ..8
 2.3机械设计简介………...9 
 2.4尺寸公差和表面粗糙度分析….10
     2.5轴承座结构方案的选定……….12
第三章 轴承座的工艺分析……15
 3.1机械加工工艺在生产过程中的重要…….15
 3.2主要加工表面和加工难点分析 15
 3.3加工方案的选定…….16
 3.4定位基准的选择…….16
 3.5部分工艺说明……….17
第四章 轴承座的孔加工工艺分析及夹具设计……20
 4.1夹具在生产中的现实意义…….20
 4.2定位分析….20
 4.3夹紧分析….21 
 4.4精度分析….22
 4.5关于提高轴承座加工精度分析.23
第五章 设计平台说明25
 5.1CAD技术的应用……...25
 5.2AutoCAD技术的应用...25
 5.3Pro/Engineer技术的应用…….27
第六章 结论 ………..30
致谢………..31
参考文献…..32